FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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systems may be completely saturated in the hours immediately after an event if regular telephone service has been interrupted. The shelter should also contain either a battery-powered radio transmitter or a signal-emitting device that can be used to signal the location of the shelter to local emergency personnel should occupants in the shelter become trapped by debris blocking the shelter access door. The shelter owner/operator is also encouraged to inform police, fire, and rescue organizations of the shelter location before an event occurs. These recommendations apply to both aboveground and belowground shelters. 4.5.8.5 Masks and Escape Hoods. Escape hoods, portable air filtration units, and victim recovery units can provide substantial protection and response capability against most agents for a minimal cost and without major changes to the space and structural system. Escape masks or hoods (personal protective equipment) can be stored at individual desks and in credenzas or wall units in common areas. There are many types of escape masks and hoods that will provide protection against gases and vapors created by fire, chemical and biological agents, and nuclear particles. They can be donned very easily and very fast, generally less than 10 seconds and come in one size fits all. 4.5.8.6 Portable HVAC Units. There are a number of portable filtration units designed for hospital, manufacturing, printing, and other industries that can be used in a safe room with little building modification. The systems typically use HEPA filters to filter the air in a room. Combined HEPA-ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) units are now becoming available. These units can provide substantial protection against biological and radiological particulates. There are several units with combined HEPA and activated granular carbon that can provide protection against chemical agents as well. The filtration units can be stored in conference rooms, closets, or in specially designed rooms such as information technology (IT) closets. EmErgEncy managEmEnt considErations 4-
4.5.8.7 Emergency Equipment Credenza and Wall Units Storage. Many Federal government buildings are being outfitted with either an emergency equipment credenza, or built-in wall storage units placed in or near the elevator lobby and other public egress areas. These units can store the first aid kits, escape hoods and masks, and other emergency preparedness and response equipment. 4.6 sHeLter maintenance pLan Each shelter should have a maintenance plan that includes the following: m An inventory checklist of the emergency supplies (see Table 4-1) m Information concerning the availability of emergency generators to be used to provide power for lighting and ventilation m A schedule of regular maintenance of the shelter to be performed by a designated party Such plans will help to ensure that the shelter equipment and supplies are fully functional during an event. 4.7 commerciaL BUiLding sHeLter operations pLan A shelter designed to the criteria of this manual may be used by a group other than a residential community (e.g., the shelter may have been provided by a commercial business for its workers or by a school for its students). Guidance for preparing a Commercial Building Shelter Operations Plan is presented in this section. 4.7.1 emergency assignments It is important to have personnel assigned to various tasks and responsibilities for emergency situations before they occur. An Emergency Committee, consisting of a Site Emergency 4-30 EmErgEncy managEmEnt considErations
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Risk Management Series Design Guida
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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This guidance focuses on safe rooms
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protect occupants until law enforce
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of best practices (based on current
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Project Advisory Panel: Ronald Bark
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1.7.1.1. Tornado.or.Short-term.Shel
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2.6.6. RM1.and.RM2.Reinforced.Mason
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4.5. Community.Shelter.Operations.P
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FIgUREs chapter 1 Figure.1-1.. Terr
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Figure.2-16.. Spray-on.elastomer.co
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chapter 4 Figure.4-1.. Preparedness
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in response to the manmade CBRE thr
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decides not to chance fate and cons
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Although operational security measu
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Table 1-2: Safe Evacuation Distance
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Figure 1-1 terrorism by event 1980
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odorless. Their effects occur mainl
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Figure 1-3 radioactive materials sm
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Table 1-3: Correlation of ISC Level
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Table 1-4: ISC CBR Levels of Protec
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m It is partially shielded by the s
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m Single-use shelters. Single-use s
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structure or a new structure to be
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m Territoriality (promotes a sense
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Figure 1- examples of internal shel
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Figure 1-9 examples of internal she
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loading depending upon the building
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model building codes all have provi
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Figure 1-10 national Weather servic
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operations and maintenance plan. De
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For tornado shelters, the most crit
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Reference Standard 6-1 Photolumines
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every building should have an emerg
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Three methods are followed for the
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partitions for areas of about 12,00
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the 2006 editions of nFPa 101, Life
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Figure 1-13 operations Zones, casua
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Figure 1-1 nrP-cis emergency decont
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Figure 1-1 example of Pentagon stag
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Figure 1-19 site and evidence colle
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2.1 OVerVieW Structural deSign crit
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affect the hazard potential of the
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2.2.1 Blast effects in low-rise Bui
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As an example, panelized constructi
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2.3 hardened cOnStructiOn 2.3.1 Str
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Protective design further requires
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deformed, and transfer them to the
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pressures, such that they overcome
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façade materials intact and attach
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2.4 neW cOnStructiOn The design of
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Blast-resistant detailing requires
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the slab, the slab reinforcement mu
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spacing of 16 inches that extends i
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In order for the glazing to realize
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precast panels, the spacing of the
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to a column or a vehicle-borne expl
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without any means of attachment or
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polycarbonate glazing can be mixed
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Rigid catch bar systems were design
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stainless steel cables connected wi
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Alternatively, an unreinforced maso
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Figure 2- 9 Metal stud blast wall I
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2.5.3 checklist for retrofitting is
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Shearwalls consist of straight or d
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Light wood frame structures do not
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eam column joints, all member stres
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Steel moment frame structures provi
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Steel frames with infill masonry wa
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esponse to 500 pounds of TNT at a s
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to provide ductile performance. The
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Unless sited in a seismic zone, con
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Precast concrete frames and shearwa
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uilding. Locating the shelter in th
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Unreinforced load-bearing masonry b
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damage in response to 500 pounds of
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Floor slabs within an interior stai
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3.1 oVeRVieW This chapter describes
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m Class 2. This class also includes
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may be necessary for people to occu
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3.3 SaFe RooM CRiTeRia This section
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interior room is preferable to a ro
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m Penetrations. Measures for reduci
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Figure 3- hinged covers facilitate
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enclosure subjected to wind and buo
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Many models of these indoor air pur
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designing and building ultra-high e
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Table 3-2: Leakage per Square Foot
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Page 180 and 181: m Turn on a radio or TV in the safe
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Page 184 and 185: m Isolation dampers. Correct damper
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Page 188 and 189: have been appropriately placed to p
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Page 194 and 195: Task 4. Determine How Much Filtered
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Page 219 and 220: designated. The following is a list
Page 221 and 222: m Coordinating shelter evacuation p
Page 223 and 224: 4.5.5 notification manager The Noti
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Page 233 and 234: 4.7.3 event safety procedures The f
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Page 241 and 242: Phan, L.T., and Simiu, E. 1998. The
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Page 245 and 246: Corps of Engineers Guide Specificat
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Page 249 and 250: State of Florida Shelter Plan, Flor
Page 251 and 252: Management (2003) http://floridadis
Page 253 and 254: UL 586, High-Efficiency, Particulat
Page 255 and 256: C CA California C&C components and
Page 257 and 258: F FBI Federal Bureau of Investigati
Page 259 and 260: J JFO Joint Field Office K kb kilob
Page 261 and 262: O O.C. on center OG outer garments
Page 263: U UBC Building Code UCRL University
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FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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