FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1982. Tornado Protection: Selecting and Designing Safe Areas in Buildings. TR-83B. October. FEMA RR-7. 1986. Civil Defense Shelters A State of the Art Assessment. FEMA TR-87. Standards for Fallout Shelters. FEMA TR-29. Architect and Engineer Activities in Shelter Development. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1988. Rapid Visual Screening of Building for Potential Seismic Hazards: A Handbook FEMA 154 Earthquake Hazards Reduction Series 41. July. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1988. Handbook for the Seismic Evaluation of Buildings. FEMA 310. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1997. NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings. FEMA 302A. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1999a. Midwest Tornadoes of May 3, 1999: Observations, Recommendations, and Technical Guidance. FEMA 342. October. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1999b. National Performance Criteria for Tornado Shelters. May. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2000. Design and Construction Guidance for Community Shelters. FEMA 361. July. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2003. Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings. FEMA 426. December. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2004. Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room Inside Your House. FEMA 320. March. references A
Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2004. Using HAZUS-MH for Risk Assessment. FEMA 433. August. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2005. A How-To Guide to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings. FEMA 452. January. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Designing for Earthquakes: A Manual for Architects. FEMA 454. Undated. Federal Emergency Management Agency and U.S. Fire Administration. Emergency Procedures for Employees with Disabilities in Office Occupancies. FEMA 154. Undated. Fujita, T.T. 1971. Proposed Characterization of Tornadoes and Hurricanes by Area and Intensity. SMRP No. 91. University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. HQ AFCESA/CES, Structural Evaluation of Existing Buildings for Seismic and Wind Loads. Engineering Technical Letter (ETL) 97-10. Kelly, D.L., J.T. Schaefer, R.P. McNulty, C.A. Doswell III, and R.F. Abbey, Jr. 1978. “An Augmented Tornado Climatology.” Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 106, pp. 1172-1183. Krayer, W.R. and Marshall, R.D. 1992. Gust Factors Applied to Hurricane Winds. Bulletin of the American Meteorology Society, Vol. 73, pp. 613-617. Masonry Standards Joint Committee. 1999. Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures and Specification for Masonry Structures. ACI 530-99/ASCE 5-99/TMS 402-99 and ACI 530.1/ ASCE 6-99/TMS 602-99. Mehta, K.C. 1970. “Windspeed Estimates: Engineering Analyses.” Proceedings of the Symposium on Tornadoes: Assessment of Knowledge and Implications for Man. 22-24 June 1970, Lubbock, TX. pp. 89-103. A- references
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Risk Management Series Design Guida
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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This guidance focuses on safe rooms
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protect occupants until law enforce
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of best practices (based on current
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Project Advisory Panel: Ronald Bark
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1.7.1.1. Tornado.or.Short-term.Shel
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2.6.6. RM1.and.RM2.Reinforced.Mason
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4.5. Community.Shelter.Operations.P
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FIgUREs chapter 1 Figure.1-1.. Terr
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Figure.2-16.. Spray-on.elastomer.co
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chapter 4 Figure.4-1.. Preparedness
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in response to the manmade CBRE thr
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decides not to chance fate and cons
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Although operational security measu
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Table 1-2: Safe Evacuation Distance
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Figure 1-1 terrorism by event 1980
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odorless. Their effects occur mainl
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Figure 1-3 radioactive materials sm
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Table 1-3: Correlation of ISC Level
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Table 1-4: ISC CBR Levels of Protec
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m It is partially shielded by the s
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m Single-use shelters. Single-use s
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structure or a new structure to be
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m Territoriality (promotes a sense
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Figure 1- examples of internal shel
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Figure 1-9 examples of internal she
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loading depending upon the building
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model building codes all have provi
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Figure 1-10 national Weather servic
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operations and maintenance plan. De
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For tornado shelters, the most crit
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Reference Standard 6-1 Photolumines
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every building should have an emerg
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Three methods are followed for the
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partitions for areas of about 12,00
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the 2006 editions of nFPa 101, Life
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Figure 1-13 operations Zones, casua
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Figure 1-1 nrP-cis emergency decont
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Figure 1-1 example of Pentagon stag
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Figure 1-19 site and evidence colle
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2.1 OVerVieW Structural deSign crit
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affect the hazard potential of the
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2.2.1 Blast effects in low-rise Bui
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As an example, panelized constructi
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2.3 hardened cOnStructiOn 2.3.1 Str
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Protective design further requires
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deformed, and transfer them to the
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pressures, such that they overcome
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façade materials intact and attach
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2.4 neW cOnStructiOn The design of
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Blast-resistant detailing requires
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the slab, the slab reinforcement mu
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spacing of 16 inches that extends i
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In order for the glazing to realize
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precast panels, the spacing of the
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to a column or a vehicle-borne expl
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without any means of attachment or
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polycarbonate glazing can be mixed
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Rigid catch bar systems were design
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stainless steel cables connected wi
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Alternatively, an unreinforced maso
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Figure 2- 9 Metal stud blast wall I
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2.5.3 checklist for retrofitting is
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Shearwalls consist of straight or d
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Light wood frame structures do not
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eam column joints, all member stres
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Steel moment frame structures provi
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Steel frames with infill masonry wa
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esponse to 500 pounds of TNT at a s
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to provide ductile performance. The
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Unless sited in a seismic zone, con
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Precast concrete frames and shearwa
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uilding. Locating the shelter in th
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Unreinforced load-bearing masonry b
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damage in response to 500 pounds of
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Floor slabs within an interior stai
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3.1 oVeRVieW This chapter describes
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m Class 2. This class also includes
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may be necessary for people to occu
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3.3 SaFe RooM CRiTeRia This section
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interior room is preferable to a ro
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m Penetrations. Measures for reduci
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Figure 3- hinged covers facilitate
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enclosure subjected to wind and buo
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Many models of these indoor air pur
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designing and building ultra-high e
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Table 3-2: Leakage per Square Foot
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3.5 opeRaTionS anD MainTenanCe For
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m Turn on a radio or TV in the safe
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Tape, plastic, and carbon dioxide d
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m Isolation dampers. Correct damper
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3.7 CoMMiSSioninG a CLaSS 1 CBR SaF
Page 188 and 189: have been appropriately placed to p
Page 190 and 191: m To develop an understanding of th
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Page 194 and 195: Task 4. Determine How Much Filtered
Page 196 and 197: Pre-heat Coil Module. This module c
Page 198: address system or the single-switch
Page 201 and 202: the Homeland security digital Libra
Page 203 and 204: the national Fire Protection associ
Page 205 and 206: From established reporting mechanis
Page 207 and 208: An Emergency Operations Center (EOC
Page 209 and 210: m Weapons of Mass Destruction-Civil
Page 211 and 212: dHs/FEma and the office for domesti
Page 213 and 214: The 48 seconds do not include the t
Page 215 and 216: Figure 4-5 High-rise buildings and
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Page 219 and 220: designated. The following is a list
Page 221 and 222: m Coordinating shelter evacuation p
Page 223 and 224: 4.5.5 notification manager The Noti
Page 225 and 226: Table 4-1: Shelter Equipment and Su
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Page 229 and 230: 4.5.8.7 Emergency Equipment Credenz
Page 231 and 232: FEma’s United states Fire adminis
Page 233 and 234: 4.7.3 event safety procedures The f
Page 235 and 236: 4.9 training and inFormation Employ
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Page 241 and 242: Phan, L.T., and Simiu, E. 1998. The
Page 243 and 244: Army TM 5-853-4, Security Engineeri
Page 245 and 246: Corps of Engineers Guide Specificat
Page 247 and 248: Addresses workplace vulnerability t
Page 249 and 250: State of Florida Shelter Plan, Flor
Page 251 and 252: Management (2003) http://floridadis
Page 253 and 254: UL 586, High-Efficiency, Particulat
Page 255 and 256: C CA California C&C components and
Page 257 and 258: F FBI Federal Bureau of Investigati
Page 259 and 260: J JFO Joint Field Office K kb kilob
Page 261 and 262: O O.C. on center OG outer garments
Page 263: U UBC Building Code UCRL University
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