FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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Task 4. Determine How Much Filtered Air Flow is Required The total filtered, ventilation air flow required is the larger of: (1) the flow rate required for pressurization and (2) the flow rate required to supply greater than 5 cfm of outside air per person in the safe room. At a maximum safe room occupancy of 600 people, the 5 cfm/person ventilation requirement is met with a flow rate of 3,000 cfm. Using a filter unit of 4,000 cfm capacity yields a ventilation rate greater than 5 cfm per person. This ventilation flow rate is not adequate; however, to deliver the cooling required for the heat load of the fully occupied stairwell, two fan-coil units are added to the lower levels for additional cooling. Task 5. Design and Install the System Design and installation requires a licensed mechanical contractor with experience in the installation of high-efficiency filtration systems. The safe room requires the following components installed in the stairwell and a penthouse mechanical room adjacent to the stairwell: m Air-filtration unit and supply fan of 4,000-cfm capacity m Pre-heat coil cabinet containing pre-filters, heating coils, and isolation damper m Cooling-coil cabinet containing coils and an isolation damper m Spiral ductwork m Control panel with pressure gauge and system status lights m Remote on/off switch connected via the building automation system m Pressure relief damper at the lowest level of the stairwell m Supply register at the top level of the stairwell m Pressure sensor and thermostats installed in the stairwell m Weather stripping and wipe seals on doors into the stairwell CBR ThReaT pRoTeCTion 3-3
Figure 3- a military radial-flow CBR filter set was selected for safe room filtration. phoTo CoURTeSy oF hUnTeR manUFaCTURing Company Figure 3- a ,000-cfm filter unit using radial flow filters was selected for the stairwell safe room. SoURCe: BaTTelle Air-filtration Unit Type. A filter unit employing an adsorber containing ASZM-TEDA carbon of 12x30 mesh size was selected to provide ultra-high efficiency filtration of a broad spectrum of toxic chemicals. A military radial-flow filter set, carbon adsorber, and HEPA filter, shown in Figure 3-7, were selected. Manufactured to a government purchase description, the 4,000-cfm filter unit employs 20 replaceable sets of radial-flow filters. The filter sets were purchased from Hunter Manufacturing Company, Solon, OH, part number HF-200S. Air-filtration Unit Location. A penthouse mechanical room adjacent to the stairwell is selected as the mounting location for the filter unit to provide an elevated and secure location for the equipment and its air intake. This is selected to achieve physical security of the intake and to make it most-distant from ground level releases. The filter unit, with its access panel removed, is shown in Figure 3-8. Isolation Dampers. Two sets of automatic dampers are installed in the system, one upstream and one downstream of the filter unit to isolate the filters when not in use. 3- 0 CBR ThReaT pRoTeCTion
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Risk Management Series Design Guida
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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This guidance focuses on safe rooms
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protect occupants until law enforce
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of best practices (based on current
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Project Advisory Panel: Ronald Bark
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1.7.1.1. Tornado.or.Short-term.Shel
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2.6.6. RM1.and.RM2.Reinforced.Mason
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4.5. Community.Shelter.Operations.P
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FIgUREs chapter 1 Figure.1-1.. Terr
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Figure.2-16.. Spray-on.elastomer.co
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chapter 4 Figure.4-1.. Preparedness
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in response to the manmade CBRE thr
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decides not to chance fate and cons
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Although operational security measu
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Table 1-2: Safe Evacuation Distance
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Figure 1-1 terrorism by event 1980
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odorless. Their effects occur mainl
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Figure 1-3 radioactive materials sm
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Table 1-3: Correlation of ISC Level
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Table 1-4: ISC CBR Levels of Protec
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m It is partially shielded by the s
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m Single-use shelters. Single-use s
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structure or a new structure to be
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m Territoriality (promotes a sense
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Figure 1- examples of internal shel
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Figure 1-9 examples of internal she
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loading depending upon the building
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model building codes all have provi
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Figure 1-10 national Weather servic
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operations and maintenance plan. De
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For tornado shelters, the most crit
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Reference Standard 6-1 Photolumines
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every building should have an emerg
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Three methods are followed for the
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partitions for areas of about 12,00
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the 2006 editions of nFPa 101, Life
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Figure 1-13 operations Zones, casua
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Figure 1-1 nrP-cis emergency decont
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Figure 1-1 example of Pentagon stag
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Figure 1-19 site and evidence colle
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2.1 OVerVieW Structural deSign crit
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affect the hazard potential of the
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2.2.1 Blast effects in low-rise Bui
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As an example, panelized constructi
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2.3 hardened cOnStructiOn 2.3.1 Str
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Protective design further requires
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deformed, and transfer them to the
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pressures, such that they overcome
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façade materials intact and attach
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2.4 neW cOnStructiOn The design of
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Blast-resistant detailing requires
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the slab, the slab reinforcement mu
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spacing of 16 inches that extends i
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In order for the glazing to realize
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precast panels, the spacing of the
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to a column or a vehicle-borne expl
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without any means of attachment or
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polycarbonate glazing can be mixed
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Rigid catch bar systems were design
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stainless steel cables connected wi
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Alternatively, an unreinforced maso
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Figure 2- 9 Metal stud blast wall I
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2.5.3 checklist for retrofitting is
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Shearwalls consist of straight or d
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Light wood frame structures do not
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eam column joints, all member stres
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Steel moment frame structures provi
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Steel frames with infill masonry wa
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esponse to 500 pounds of TNT at a s
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to provide ductile performance. The
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Page 146 and 147: Precast concrete frames and shearwa
Page 148 and 149: uilding. Locating the shelter in th
Page 150 and 151: Unreinforced load-bearing masonry b
Page 152 and 153: damage in response to 500 pounds of
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Page 156 and 157: 3.1 oVeRVieW This chapter describes
Page 158 and 159: m Class 2. This class also includes
Page 160 and 161: may be necessary for people to occu
Page 162 and 163: 3.3 SaFe RooM CRiTeRia This section
Page 164 and 165: interior room is preferable to a ro
Page 166 and 167: m Penetrations. Measures for reduci
Page 168 and 169: Figure 3- hinged covers facilitate
Page 170 and 171: enclosure subjected to wind and buo
Page 172 and 173: Many models of these indoor air pur
Page 174 and 175: designing and building ultra-high e
Page 176 and 177: Table 3-2: Leakage per Square Foot
Page 178 and 179: 3.5 opeRaTionS anD MainTenanCe For
Page 180 and 181: m Turn on a radio or TV in the safe
Page 182 and 183: Tape, plastic, and carbon dioxide d
Page 184 and 185: m Isolation dampers. Correct damper
Page 186 and 187: 3.7 CoMMiSSioninG a CLaSS 1 CBR SaF
Page 188 and 189: have been appropriately placed to p
Page 190 and 191: m To develop an understanding of th
Page 192 and 193: CBR ThReaT pRoTeCTion Figure 3- Tas
Page 196 and 197: Pre-heat Coil Module. This module c
Page 198: address system or the single-switch
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Page 209 and 210: m Weapons of Mass Destruction-Civil
Page 211 and 212: dHs/FEma and the office for domesti
Page 213 and 214: The 48 seconds do not include the t
Page 215 and 216: Figure 4-5 High-rise buildings and
Page 217 and 218: m In the initial phase (hours and d
Page 219 and 220: designated. The following is a list
Page 221 and 222: m Coordinating shelter evacuation p
Page 223 and 224: 4.5.5 notification manager The Noti
Page 225 and 226: Table 4-1: Shelter Equipment and Su
Page 227 and 228: Toilets would be needed by the occu
Page 229 and 230: 4.5.8.7 Emergency Equipment Credenz
Page 231 and 232: FEma’s United states Fire adminis
Page 233 and 234: 4.7.3 event safety procedures The f
Page 235 and 236: 4.9 training and inFormation Employ
Page 237 and 238: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearm
Page 239 and 240: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Page 241 and 242: Phan, L.T., and Simiu, E. 1998. The
Page 243 and 244: Army TM 5-853-4, Security Engineeri
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Corps of Engineers Guide Specificat
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Addresses workplace vulnerability t
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State of Florida Shelter Plan, Flor
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Management (2003) http://floridadis
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UL 586, High-Efficiency, Particulat
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C CA California C&C components and
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F FBI Federal Bureau of Investigati
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J JFO Joint Field Office K kb kilob
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O O.C. on center OG outer garments
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U UBC Building Code UCRL University
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FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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