FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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Figures 1-7 through 1-9 show examples of internal shelter locations in a commercial basement, concourse, and underground parking garage; a retail/commercial multi-story building using a parking garage, conference rooms, data centers, stairwells, and elevator core areas; and a school/church facility, respectively. Figure 1- examples of internal shelter locations in a commercial building Figure 1-8 examples of internal shelter locations in a retail/commercial multi-story building using design considerations parking garage, conference rooms, data centers, stairwells, and elevator core areas 1-29
Figure 1-9 examples of internal shelter locations in a school/church facility Currently, standalone shelters are relatively rare and most remaining shelters are remnants of the Cold War era that were designed for nuclear weapons protection as “fallout shelters.” These shelters were called “dedicated shelters” to make a clear differentiation from dual use shelters (normal facilities in the community that had enhanced radiation protection). Dedicated shelters were built with very high levels of protection and did not have peace time functional compromises. Siting of standalone shelters for nuclear protection has typically been underground, as tunnels, caves, or buried structures. The mass of the geological materials absorbed the blast energy and provided radiation shielding. Many of the siting and design principles developed by the Office of Civil Defense in FEMA TR-29, Architect & Engineer Activities in Shelter Development; FEMA RR-7, Civil Defense Shelters A State of the Art Assessment 1986; and FEMA TR-87, Standards for Fallout Shelters are still applicable. 1-30 design considerations - - -
Page 1 and 2: Risk Management Series Design Guida
Page 3 and 4: Any opinions, findings, conclusions
Page 5 and 6: This guidance focuses on safe rooms
Page 7 and 8: protect occupants until law enforce
Page 9 and 10: of best practices (based on current
Page 11 and 12: Project Advisory Panel: Ronald Bark
Page 13 and 14: 1.7.1.1. Tornado.or.Short-term.Shel
Page 15 and 16: 2.6.6. RM1.and.RM2.Reinforced.Mason
Page 17 and 18: 4.5. Community.Shelter.Operations.P
Page 19 and 20: FIgUREs chapter 1 Figure.1-1.. Terr
Page 21 and 22: Figure.2-16.. Spray-on.elastomer.co
Page 23 and 24: chapter 4 Figure.4-1.. Preparedness
Page 25 and 26: in response to the manmade CBRE thr
Page 27 and 28: decides not to chance fate and cons
Page 29 and 30: Although operational security measu
Page 31 and 32: Table 1-2: Safe Evacuation Distance
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1-1 terrorism by event 1980
Page 35 and 36: odorless. Their effects occur mainl
Page 37 and 38: Figure 1-3 radioactive materials sm
Page 39 and 40: Table 1-3: Correlation of ISC Level
Page 41 and 42: Table 1-4: ISC CBR Levels of Protec
Page 43 and 44: m It is partially shielded by the s
Page 45 and 46: m Single-use shelters. Single-use s
Page 47 and 48: structure or a new structure to be
Page 49 and 50: m Territoriality (promotes a sense
Page 51: Figure 1- examples of internal shel
Page 55 and 56: loading depending upon the building
Page 57 and 58: model building codes all have provi
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1-10 national Weather servic
Page 61 and 62: operations and maintenance plan. De
Page 63 and 64: For tornado shelters, the most crit
Page 65 and 66: Reference Standard 6-1 Photolumines
Page 67 and 68: every building should have an emerg
Page 69 and 70: Three methods are followed for the
Page 71 and 72: partitions for areas of about 12,00
Page 73 and 74: the 2006 editions of nFPa 101, Life
Page 75 and 76: Figure 1-13 operations Zones, casua
Page 77 and 78: Figure 1-1 nrP-cis emergency decont
Page 79 and 80: Figure 1-1 example of Pentagon stag
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1-19 site and evidence colle
Page 84 and 85: 2.1 OVerVieW Structural deSign crit
Page 86 and 87: affect the hazard potential of the
Page 88 and 89: 2.2.1 Blast effects in low-rise Bui
Page 90 and 91: As an example, panelized constructi
Page 92 and 93: 2.3 hardened cOnStructiOn 2.3.1 Str
Page 94 and 95: Protective design further requires
Page 96 and 97: deformed, and transfer them to the
Page 98 and 99: pressures, such that they overcome
Page 100 and 101: façade materials intact and attach
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2.4 neW cOnStructiOn The design of
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Blast-resistant detailing requires
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the slab, the slab reinforcement mu
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spacing of 16 inches that extends i
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In order for the glazing to realize
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precast panels, the spacing of the
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to a column or a vehicle-borne expl
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without any means of attachment or
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polycarbonate glazing can be mixed
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Rigid catch bar systems were design
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stainless steel cables connected wi
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Alternatively, an unreinforced maso
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Figure 2- 9 Metal stud blast wall I
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2.5.3 checklist for retrofitting is
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Shearwalls consist of straight or d
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Light wood frame structures do not
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eam column joints, all member stres
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Steel moment frame structures provi
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Steel frames with infill masonry wa
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esponse to 500 pounds of TNT at a s
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to provide ductile performance. The
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Unless sited in a seismic zone, con
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Precast concrete frames and shearwa
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uilding. Locating the shelter in th
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Unreinforced load-bearing masonry b
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damage in response to 500 pounds of
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Floor slabs within an interior stai
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3.1 oVeRVieW This chapter describes
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m Class 2. This class also includes
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may be necessary for people to occu
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3.3 SaFe RooM CRiTeRia This section
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interior room is preferable to a ro
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m Penetrations. Measures for reduci
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Figure 3- hinged covers facilitate
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enclosure subjected to wind and buo
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Many models of these indoor air pur
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designing and building ultra-high e
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Table 3-2: Leakage per Square Foot
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3.5 opeRaTionS anD MainTenanCe For
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m Turn on a radio or TV in the safe
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Tape, plastic, and carbon dioxide d
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m Isolation dampers. Correct damper
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3.7 CoMMiSSioninG a CLaSS 1 CBR SaF
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have been appropriately placed to p
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m To develop an understanding of th
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CBR ThReaT pRoTeCTion Figure 3- Tas
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Task 4. Determine How Much Filtered
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Pre-heat Coil Module. This module c
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address system or the single-switch
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the Homeland security digital Libra
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the national Fire Protection associ
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From established reporting mechanis
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An Emergency Operations Center (EOC
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m Weapons of Mass Destruction-Civil
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dHs/FEma and the office for domesti
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The 48 seconds do not include the t
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Figure 4-5 High-rise buildings and
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m In the initial phase (hours and d
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designated. The following is a list
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m Coordinating shelter evacuation p
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4.5.5 notification manager The Noti
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Table 4-1: Shelter Equipment and Su
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Toilets would be needed by the occu
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4.5.8.7 Emergency Equipment Credenz
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FEma’s United states Fire adminis
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4.7.3 event safety procedures The f
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4.9 training and inFormation Employ
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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearm
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Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Phan, L.T., and Simiu, E. 1998. The
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Army TM 5-853-4, Security Engineeri
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Corps of Engineers Guide Specificat
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Addresses workplace vulnerability t
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State of Florida Shelter Plan, Flor
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Management (2003) http://floridadis
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UL 586, High-Efficiency, Particulat
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C CA California C&C components and
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F FBI Federal Bureau of Investigati
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J JFO Joint Field Office K kb kilob
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O O.C. on center OG outer garments
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U UBC Building Code UCRL University
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FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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