FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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esponse to 500 pounds of TNT at a stand-off distance of 50 feet or less. The first floor steel columns of existing buildings may be concrete encased and first floor splices may be reinforced to increase their resistance to local failure that could precipitate a progression of collapse. The exterior façade is likely to be damaged in response to an exterior detonation and debris may be minimized by means of reinforced masonry, sufficiently detailed precast panels, or laminated glass façade. Nevertheless, a shelter within these buildings would best be located within interior space or a building core, preferably enclosed on one or more sides by the shear walls. Existing masonry infill walls may be retrofitted to supplement existing reinforcement by either grouting cables within holes cored within the walls or with a spray-on application of a shotcrete and welded wire fabric or a polyurea debris catch membrane. Alternatively, hardened interior partitions may easily be constructed and anchored to existing floor slabs, and lightweight metal stud walls may be used to retrofit existing buildings. 2.6.4 c1, c2, and c3 concrete moment Frames, concrete and infill masonry Shearwalls – type 1 Bearing Walls and type 2 gravity Frames These buildings consist of a frame assembly of cast-in-place concrete beams and columns. Floor and roof framing consists of cast-in-place concrete slabs, concrete beams, one-way joists, two-way waffle joists, or flat slabs. Lateral forces are resisted by concrete moment frames that develop their stiffness through monolithic beam-column connections (see Figure 2-29). In older construction, or in regions of low seismicity, the moment frames may consist of the column strips of two-way flat slab systems. Modern frames in regions of high seismicity have joint reinforcing, closely spaced ties, and special detailing to provide ductile performance. This detailing is not present in older construction. Foundations consist of concrete spread footings or deep pile foundations. Structural deSign criteria 2-
Figure 2-29 c concrete moment frames Concrete and infill masonry shearwall building systems have floor and roof framing that consists of cast-in-place concrete slabs, concrete beams, one-way joists, two-way waffle joists, or flat slabs. Floors are supported on concrete columns or bearing walls. Lateral forces are resisted by cast-in-place concrete shear walls or infill panels constructed of solid clay brick, concrete block, or hollow clay tile masonry (see Figures 2-30, 2-31, and 2-32). In older construction, cast-in-place shear walls are lightly reinforced, but often extend throughout the building. In more recent construction, shear walls occur in isolated locations and are more heavily reinforced with boundary elements and closely spaced ties 2- 8 Structural deSign criteria
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Risk Management Series Design Guida
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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This guidance focuses on safe rooms
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protect occupants until law enforce
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of best practices (based on current
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Project Advisory Panel: Ronald Bark
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1.7.1.1. Tornado.or.Short-term.Shel
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2.6.6. RM1.and.RM2.Reinforced.Mason
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4.5. Community.Shelter.Operations.P
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FIgUREs chapter 1 Figure.1-1.. Terr
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Figure.2-16.. Spray-on.elastomer.co
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chapter 4 Figure.4-1.. Preparedness
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in response to the manmade CBRE thr
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decides not to chance fate and cons
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Although operational security measu
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Table 1-2: Safe Evacuation Distance
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Figure 1-1 terrorism by event 1980
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odorless. Their effects occur mainl
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Figure 1-3 radioactive materials sm
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Table 1-3: Correlation of ISC Level
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Table 1-4: ISC CBR Levels of Protec
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m It is partially shielded by the s
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m Single-use shelters. Single-use s
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structure or a new structure to be
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m Territoriality (promotes a sense
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Figure 1- examples of internal shel
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Figure 1-9 examples of internal she
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loading depending upon the building
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model building codes all have provi
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Figure 1-10 national Weather servic
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operations and maintenance plan. De
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For tornado shelters, the most crit
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Reference Standard 6-1 Photolumines
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every building should have an emerg
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Three methods are followed for the
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partitions for areas of about 12,00
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the 2006 editions of nFPa 101, Life
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Figure 1-13 operations Zones, casua
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Figure 1-1 nrP-cis emergency decont
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Figure 1-1 example of Pentagon stag
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Figure 1-19 site and evidence colle
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2.1 OVerVieW Structural deSign crit
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affect the hazard potential of the
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2.2.1 Blast effects in low-rise Bui
Page 90 and 91: As an example, panelized constructi
Page 92 and 93: 2.3 hardened cOnStructiOn 2.3.1 Str
Page 94 and 95: Protective design further requires
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Page 102 and 103: 2.4 neW cOnStructiOn The design of
Page 104 and 105: Blast-resistant detailing requires
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Page 108 and 109: spacing of 16 inches that extends i
Page 110 and 111: In order for the glazing to realize
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Page 114 and 115: to a column or a vehicle-borne expl
Page 116 and 117: without any means of attachment or
Page 118 and 119: polycarbonate glazing can be mixed
Page 120 and 121: Rigid catch bar systems were design
Page 122 and 123: stainless steel cables connected wi
Page 124 and 125: Alternatively, an unreinforced maso
Page 126 and 127: Figure 2- 9 Metal stud blast wall I
Page 128 and 129: 2.5.3 checklist for retrofitting is
Page 130 and 131: Shearwalls consist of straight or d
Page 132 and 133: Light wood frame structures do not
Page 134 and 135: eam column joints, all member stres
Page 136 and 137: Steel moment frame structures provi
Page 138 and 139: Steel frames with infill masonry wa
Page 142 and 143: to provide ductile performance. The
Page 144 and 145: Unless sited in a seismic zone, con
Page 146 and 147: Precast concrete frames and shearwa
Page 148 and 149: uilding. Locating the shelter in th
Page 150 and 151: Unreinforced load-bearing masonry b
Page 152 and 153: damage in response to 500 pounds of
Page 154 and 155: Floor slabs within an interior stai
Page 156 and 157: 3.1 oVeRVieW This chapter describes
Page 158 and 159: m Class 2. This class also includes
Page 160 and 161: may be necessary for people to occu
Page 162 and 163: 3.3 SaFe RooM CRiTeRia This section
Page 164 and 165: interior room is preferable to a ro
Page 166 and 167: m Penetrations. Measures for reduci
Page 168 and 169: Figure 3- hinged covers facilitate
Page 170 and 171: enclosure subjected to wind and buo
Page 172 and 173: Many models of these indoor air pur
Page 174 and 175: designing and building ultra-high e
Page 176 and 177: Table 3-2: Leakage per Square Foot
Page 178 and 179: 3.5 opeRaTionS anD MainTenanCe For
Page 180 and 181: m Turn on a radio or TV in the safe
Page 182 and 183: Tape, plastic, and carbon dioxide d
Page 184 and 185: m Isolation dampers. Correct damper
Page 186 and 187: 3.7 CoMMiSSioninG a CLaSS 1 CBR SaF
Page 188 and 189: have been appropriately placed to p
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m To develop an understanding of th
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CBR ThReaT pRoTeCTion Figure 3- Tas
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Task 4. Determine How Much Filtered
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Pre-heat Coil Module. This module c
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address system or the single-switch
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the Homeland security digital Libra
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the national Fire Protection associ
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From established reporting mechanis
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An Emergency Operations Center (EOC
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m Weapons of Mass Destruction-Civil
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dHs/FEma and the office for domesti
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The 48 seconds do not include the t
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Figure 4-5 High-rise buildings and
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m In the initial phase (hours and d
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designated. The following is a list
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m Coordinating shelter evacuation p
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4.5.5 notification manager The Noti
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Table 4-1: Shelter Equipment and Su
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Toilets would be needed by the occu
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4.5.8.7 Emergency Equipment Credenz
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FEma’s United states Fire adminis
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4.7.3 event safety procedures The f
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4.9 training and inFormation Employ
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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearm
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Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Phan, L.T., and Simiu, E. 1998. The
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Army TM 5-853-4, Security Engineeri
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Corps of Engineers Guide Specificat
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Addresses workplace vulnerability t
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State of Florida Shelter Plan, Flor
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Management (2003) http://floridadis
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UL 586, High-Efficiency, Particulat
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C CA California C&C components and
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F FBI Federal Bureau of Investigati
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J JFO Joint Field Office K kb kilob
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O O.C. on center OG outer garments
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U UBC Building Code UCRL University
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