FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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4.5.7 assistant managers Additional persons should be designated to serve as backups to the Site Coordinator, Assistant Site Coordinator, Equipment Manager, Signage Manager, Notification Manager, and Field Manager when they are off site or unable to carry out their responsibilities. 4.5.8 emergency provisions, equipment, and supplies Shelters designed and constructed to the criteria in this manual are intended to provide short-term safe refuge. These shelters serve a different function from shelters designed for use as longterm recovery shelters after an event; however, shelter managers may elect to provide supplies that increase the comfort level within the short-term shelters. Table 4-1 lists suggested equipment and supplies for community shelters. Emergency provisions will vary for different hazard events. In general, emergency provisions will include food and water, sanitation management, emergency supplies, and communications equipment. The necessary emergency provisions are as follows: 4.5.8.1 Food and Water. For tornado shelters, because of the short duration of occupancy, stored food is not a primary concern; however, water should be provided. For hurricane shelters, providing and storing food and water are of primary concern. As noted previously, the duration of occupancy in a hurricane shelter could be as long as 36 hours. Food and water would be required, and storage areas for them need to be included in the design of the shelter. 4.5.8.2 Sanitation Management. A minimum of two toilets are recommended for both tornado and hurricane shelters. Although the short duration of a tornado might suggest that toilets are not an essential requirement for a tornado shelter, the shelter owner/operator is advised to provide two toilets or at least two self-contained, chemical-type receptacles/toilets (and EmErgEncy managEmEnt considErations FEma and arc publications concerning food and water storage in shelters may be found at http://www.fema.gov and at http://www.redcross.org, respectively. 4- 5
Table 4-1: Shelter Equipment and Supplies Type Equipment/Supplies Communications Equipment Emergency Equipment national oceanic and atmospheric administration (noaa) weather radios or receivers for commercial broadcast if noaa broadcasts are not available Ham radios or emergency radios connected to the police or the fire and rescue systems cellular and/or satellite telephones (may not operate during an event and may require a signal amplifier to be able to transmit within the shelter) Battery-powered radio transmitters or signal emitting devices that can signal local emergency personnel Portable generators with uninterruptible power supply (UPs) systems and vented exhaust systems Portable computers with modem and internet capabilities Fax/copier/scanner Public address systems standard office supplies (paper, notepads, staplers, tape, whiteboards and markers, etc.) a minimum of two copies of the shelter operations Plan Flashlights and batteries, glow sticks Fire extinguishers Blankets Pry-bars (for opening doors that may have been damaged or blocked by debris) stretchers and/or backboards trash receptacles automated External defibrillator (aEd) First aid kit trash can liners and ties tool kits Heaters megaphones a room or private area where they may be used) for shelter occupants. Meeting this criterion will provide separate facilities for men and women. note: many of these items may be stored in wall units or credenzas 4- 6 EmErgEncy managEmEnt considErations
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Risk Management Series Design Guida
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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This guidance focuses on safe rooms
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protect occupants until law enforce
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of best practices (based on current
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Project Advisory Panel: Ronald Bark
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1.7.1.1. Tornado.or.Short-term.Shel
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2.6.6. RM1.and.RM2.Reinforced.Mason
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4.5. Community.Shelter.Operations.P
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FIgUREs chapter 1 Figure.1-1.. Terr
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Figure.2-16.. Spray-on.elastomer.co
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chapter 4 Figure.4-1.. Preparedness
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in response to the manmade CBRE thr
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decides not to chance fate and cons
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Although operational security measu
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Table 1-2: Safe Evacuation Distance
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Figure 1-1 terrorism by event 1980
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odorless. Their effects occur mainl
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Figure 1-3 radioactive materials sm
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Table 1-3: Correlation of ISC Level
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Table 1-4: ISC CBR Levels of Protec
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m It is partially shielded by the s
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m Single-use shelters. Single-use s
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structure or a new structure to be
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m Territoriality (promotes a sense
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Figure 1- examples of internal shel
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Figure 1-9 examples of internal she
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loading depending upon the building
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model building codes all have provi
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Figure 1-10 national Weather servic
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operations and maintenance plan. De
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For tornado shelters, the most crit
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Reference Standard 6-1 Photolumines
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every building should have an emerg
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Three methods are followed for the
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partitions for areas of about 12,00
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the 2006 editions of nFPa 101, Life
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Figure 1-13 operations Zones, casua
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Figure 1-1 nrP-cis emergency decont
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Figure 1-1 example of Pentagon stag
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Figure 1-19 site and evidence colle
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2.1 OVerVieW Structural deSign crit
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affect the hazard potential of the
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2.2.1 Blast effects in low-rise Bui
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As an example, panelized constructi
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2.3 hardened cOnStructiOn 2.3.1 Str
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Protective design further requires
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deformed, and transfer them to the
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pressures, such that they overcome
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façade materials intact and attach
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2.4 neW cOnStructiOn The design of
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Blast-resistant detailing requires
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the slab, the slab reinforcement mu
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spacing of 16 inches that extends i
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In order for the glazing to realize
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precast panels, the spacing of the
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to a column or a vehicle-borne expl
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without any means of attachment or
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polycarbonate glazing can be mixed
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Rigid catch bar systems were design
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stainless steel cables connected wi
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Alternatively, an unreinforced maso
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Figure 2- 9 Metal stud blast wall I
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2.5.3 checklist for retrofitting is
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Shearwalls consist of straight or d
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Light wood frame structures do not
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eam column joints, all member stres
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Steel moment frame structures provi
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Steel frames with infill masonry wa
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esponse to 500 pounds of TNT at a s
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to provide ductile performance. The
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Unless sited in a seismic zone, con
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Precast concrete frames and shearwa
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uilding. Locating the shelter in th
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Unreinforced load-bearing masonry b
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damage in response to 500 pounds of
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Floor slabs within an interior stai
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3.1 oVeRVieW This chapter describes
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m Class 2. This class also includes
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may be necessary for people to occu
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3.3 SaFe RooM CRiTeRia This section
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interior room is preferable to a ro
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m Penetrations. Measures for reduci
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Figure 3- hinged covers facilitate
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enclosure subjected to wind and buo
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Many models of these indoor air pur
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Page 176 and 177: Table 3-2: Leakage per Square Foot
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Page 188 and 189: have been appropriately placed to p
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Page 194 and 195: Task 4. Determine How Much Filtered
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Page 233 and 234: 4.7.3 event safety procedures The f
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Page 241 and 242: Phan, L.T., and Simiu, E. 1998. The
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Page 253 and 254: UL 586, High-Efficiency, Particulat
Page 255 and 256: C CA California C&C components and
Page 257 and 258: F FBI Federal Bureau of Investigati
Page 259 and 260: J JFO Joint Field Office K kb kilob
Page 261 and 262: O O.C. on center OG outer garments
Page 263: U UBC Building Code UCRL University
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