FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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or collapsed structures, hazardous materials evaluations, and stabilization of damaged structures; it also can provide emergency medical care to the injured. US&R is a partnership between local fire departments, law enforcement agencies, Federal and local governmental agencies, and private companies. m Incident Management Team (IMT): A team of highly trained, experienced individuals who are organized to manage large and/or complex incidents. They provide full logistical support for receiving and distribution centers. Each IMT is hosted and managed by one of the United States Forest Service’s Geographic Area Coordination Centers. 4.4 emergency response Although the NIMS, the NRP, and the National Preparedness Goal provide the designer with factors that may impact shelter management on a regional scale, the incident response occurs at the local level. The IC must evaluate the situation and make a number of time critical decisions. A shelter’s location, orientation, and surrounding property adjacent to the site must be evaluated and the locations of the entry access control point, decontamination and disposal areas, and site cordons established, often with little more than the visual inspection of the event area. 4.4.1 general considerations The shelter site and surrounding areas should be selected to allow law, fire, and medical vehicles and personnel access for mass decontamination operations in case of an emergency. Runoff from decontamination operations must be controlled or contained to prevent further site contamination. To help the IC, the Emergency Response to Terrorism Job Aid 2.0 should be used. This includes both tactical and strategic issues that range from line personnel to unit officers. EmErgEncy managEmEnt considErations 4-
dHs/FEma and the office for domestic Preparedness developed the Emergency response to terrorism Job aid .0 (http:// www.usfa.fema.gov/subjects/terror/ download-jobaid.shtm), which is designed to assist the first responder from the fire, Emergency medical services (Ems), hazardous material (Hazmat), and law enforcement disciplines respond to a cBrE event. The Job Aid is divided into five primary sections that are tabbed and color coded for rapid access to information: m Introduction (Gray) m Operational Considerations (Yellow) m Incident-Specific Actions (White) m Agency-Related Actions (Blue) m Glossary (Tan) As the IC begins the direction of the response and recovery teams in the field, the mobilization of resources to coordinate the Federal, state, local, and tribal efforts will have begun. 4.4.2 evacuation considerations Many of the NIST findings (see Section 1.9) and recommendations for emergency response can be applied to all building types and shelters: m Active fire protection systems for many buildings are designed to the same performance specifications, regardless of height, size, and threat profile. m Approximately 87 percent of the World Trade Center (WTC) occupants, and over 99 percent of those below the floors of impact, were able to evacuate successfully. m At the time of the aircraft impacts, the towers were only about one-third occupied. Had they been at the full capacity of 25,000 workers and visitors per tower, computer egress modeling indicated that a full evacuation would have required about 4 hours. Under those circumstances, over 14,000 occupants might have perished in the building collapses. m There were 8,900 ± 750 people in WTC 1 at 8:46 a.m. on September 11, 2001. Of those, 7,470 (or 84 percent) survived, while 1,462 to 1,533 occupants died. At least 107 occupants 4- EmErgEncy managEmEnt considErations
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Risk Management Series Design Guida
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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This guidance focuses on safe rooms
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protect occupants until law enforce
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of best practices (based on current
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Project Advisory Panel: Ronald Bark
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1.7.1.1. Tornado.or.Short-term.Shel
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2.6.6. RM1.and.RM2.Reinforced.Mason
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4.5. Community.Shelter.Operations.P
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FIgUREs chapter 1 Figure.1-1.. Terr
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Figure.2-16.. Spray-on.elastomer.co
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chapter 4 Figure.4-1.. Preparedness
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in response to the manmade CBRE thr
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decides not to chance fate and cons
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Although operational security measu
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Table 1-2: Safe Evacuation Distance
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Figure 1-1 terrorism by event 1980
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odorless. Their effects occur mainl
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Figure 1-3 radioactive materials sm
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Table 1-3: Correlation of ISC Level
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Table 1-4: ISC CBR Levels of Protec
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m It is partially shielded by the s
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m Single-use shelters. Single-use s
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structure or a new structure to be
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m Territoriality (promotes a sense
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Figure 1- examples of internal shel
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Figure 1-9 examples of internal she
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loading depending upon the building
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model building codes all have provi
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Figure 1-10 national Weather servic
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operations and maintenance plan. De
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For tornado shelters, the most crit
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Reference Standard 6-1 Photolumines
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every building should have an emerg
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Three methods are followed for the
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partitions for areas of about 12,00
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the 2006 editions of nFPa 101, Life
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Figure 1-13 operations Zones, casua
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Figure 1-1 nrP-cis emergency decont
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Figure 1-1 example of Pentagon stag
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Figure 1-19 site and evidence colle
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2.1 OVerVieW Structural deSign crit
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affect the hazard potential of the
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2.2.1 Blast effects in low-rise Bui
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As an example, panelized constructi
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2.3 hardened cOnStructiOn 2.3.1 Str
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Protective design further requires
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deformed, and transfer them to the
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pressures, such that they overcome
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façade materials intact and attach
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2.4 neW cOnStructiOn The design of
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Blast-resistant detailing requires
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the slab, the slab reinforcement mu
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spacing of 16 inches that extends i
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In order for the glazing to realize
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precast panels, the spacing of the
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to a column or a vehicle-borne expl
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without any means of attachment or
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polycarbonate glazing can be mixed
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Rigid catch bar systems were design
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stainless steel cables connected wi
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Alternatively, an unreinforced maso
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Figure 2- 9 Metal stud blast wall I
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2.5.3 checklist for retrofitting is
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Shearwalls consist of straight or d
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Light wood frame structures do not
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eam column joints, all member stres
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Steel moment frame structures provi
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Steel frames with infill masonry wa
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esponse to 500 pounds of TNT at a s
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to provide ductile performance. The
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Unless sited in a seismic zone, con
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Precast concrete frames and shearwa
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uilding. Locating the shelter in th
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Unreinforced load-bearing masonry b
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damage in response to 500 pounds of
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Floor slabs within an interior stai
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3.1 oVeRVieW This chapter describes
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m Class 2. This class also includes
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Page 162 and 163: 3.3 SaFe RooM CRiTeRia This section
Page 164 and 165: interior room is preferable to a ro
Page 166 and 167: m Penetrations. Measures for reduci
Page 168 and 169: Figure 3- hinged covers facilitate
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Page 172 and 173: Many models of these indoor air pur
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Page 176 and 177: Table 3-2: Leakage per Square Foot
Page 178 and 179: 3.5 opeRaTionS anD MainTenanCe For
Page 180 and 181: m Turn on a radio or TV in the safe
Page 182 and 183: Tape, plastic, and carbon dioxide d
Page 184 and 185: m Isolation dampers. Correct damper
Page 186 and 187: 3.7 CoMMiSSioninG a CLaSS 1 CBR SaF
Page 188 and 189: have been appropriately placed to p
Page 190 and 191: m To develop an understanding of th
Page 192 and 193: CBR ThReaT pRoTeCTion Figure 3- Tas
Page 194 and 195: Task 4. Determine How Much Filtered
Page 196 and 197: Pre-heat Coil Module. This module c
Page 198: address system or the single-switch
Page 201 and 202: the Homeland security digital Libra
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Page 213 and 214: The 48 seconds do not include the t
Page 215 and 216: Figure 4-5 High-rise buildings and
Page 217 and 218: m In the initial phase (hours and d
Page 219 and 220: designated. The following is a list
Page 221 and 222: m Coordinating shelter evacuation p
Page 223 and 224: 4.5.5 notification manager The Noti
Page 225 and 226: Table 4-1: Shelter Equipment and Su
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Page 229 and 230: 4.5.8.7 Emergency Equipment Credenz
Page 231 and 232: FEma’s United states Fire adminis
Page 233 and 234: 4.7.3 event safety procedures The f
Page 235 and 236: 4.9 training and inFormation Employ
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Page 239 and 240: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Page 241 and 242: Phan, L.T., and Simiu, E. 1998. The
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Page 245 and 246: Corps of Engineers Guide Specificat
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Page 249 and 250: State of Florida Shelter Plan, Flor
Page 251 and 252: Management (2003) http://floridadis
Page 253 and 254: UL 586, High-Efficiency, Particulat
Page 255 and 256: C CA California C&C components and
Page 257 and 258: F FBI Federal Bureau of Investigati
Page 259 and 260: J JFO Joint Field Office K kb kilob
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O O.C. on center OG outer garments
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U UBC Building Code UCRL University
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