FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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Shelter occupants should not leave the shelter until rescue personnel arrive to escort occupants to the Cold Zone. The building occupants must go through several staging areas to ensure that any CBR contamination is not spread across a larger geographical area. There are two processes currently used to evacuate an area; the Ladder Pipe Decontamination System (LDS, see Figure 1-14) and the Emergency Decontamination Corridor System (EDCS, see Figure 1-15). Ladder Pipe Decontamination System (LDS) advantages m rapid setup time m Provides large capacity high volume low pressure shower m rapid hands-free mass decontamination disadvantages m no privacy m increased chance of hypothermia from exposure to elements composed of: m Ladder pipe/truck m 2 engines m Hand-held hose lines setup: m engines placed approximately 20 feet apart m 2 1/2-inch fog nozzles set at wide fog pattern attached to pump discharges m truck with fog nozzle placed on ladder pipe to provide downward fog pattern Firefighters (FFs) can be positioned at either or both ends of the shower area to apply additional decontamination wash Figure 1-14 nrP-cis Ladder Pipe decontamination system (Lds) source: nrP-cis design considerations 1- 3
Figure 1-1 nrP-cis emergency decontamination corridor system (edcs) source: nrP-cis Emergency Decontamination Corridor System (EDCS) advantages m Privacy for victims m separate male/female corridors m shower area can be heated using portable heaters disadvantages m slower setup time than Lds m casualty processing slower m requires more manpower to set up composed of: m 2 engines m salvage covers setup: m 2 engines placed approximately 20 feet apart m 3 ladders placed and secured to top of engines m 4th ladder centered atop the other three ladders and secured m 2 nozzles secured to the 4th ladder hanging down into the shower area m salvage covers draped over ladders to create corridors 1- 4 design considerations
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Risk Management Series Design Guida
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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This guidance focuses on safe rooms
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protect occupants until law enforce
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of best practices (based on current
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Project Advisory Panel: Ronald Bark
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1.7.1.1. Tornado.or.Short-term.Shel
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2.6.6. RM1.and.RM2.Reinforced.Mason
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4.5. Community.Shelter.Operations.P
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FIgUREs chapter 1 Figure.1-1.. Terr
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Figure.2-16.. Spray-on.elastomer.co
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chapter 4 Figure.4-1.. Preparedness
Page 25 and 26: in response to the manmade CBRE thr
Page 27 and 28: decides not to chance fate and cons
Page 29 and 30: Although operational security measu
Page 31 and 32: Table 1-2: Safe Evacuation Distance
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1-1 terrorism by event 1980
Page 35 and 36: odorless. Their effects occur mainl
Page 37 and 38: Figure 1-3 radioactive materials sm
Page 39 and 40: Table 1-3: Correlation of ISC Level
Page 41 and 42: Table 1-4: ISC CBR Levels of Protec
Page 43 and 44: m It is partially shielded by the s
Page 45 and 46: m Single-use shelters. Single-use s
Page 47 and 48: structure or a new structure to be
Page 49 and 50: m Territoriality (promotes a sense
Page 51 and 52: Figure 1- examples of internal shel
Page 53 and 54: Figure 1-9 examples of internal she
Page 55 and 56: loading depending upon the building
Page 57 and 58: model building codes all have provi
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1-10 national Weather servic
Page 61 and 62: operations and maintenance plan. De
Page 63 and 64: For tornado shelters, the most crit
Page 65 and 66: Reference Standard 6-1 Photolumines
Page 67 and 68: every building should have an emerg
Page 69 and 70: Three methods are followed for the
Page 71 and 72: partitions for areas of about 12,00
Page 73 and 74: the 2006 editions of nFPa 101, Life
Page 75: Figure 1-13 operations Zones, casua
Page 79 and 80: Figure 1-1 example of Pentagon stag
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1-19 site and evidence colle
Page 84 and 85: 2.1 OVerVieW Structural deSign crit
Page 86 and 87: affect the hazard potential of the
Page 88 and 89: 2.2.1 Blast effects in low-rise Bui
Page 90 and 91: As an example, panelized constructi
Page 92 and 93: 2.3 hardened cOnStructiOn 2.3.1 Str
Page 94 and 95: Protective design further requires
Page 96 and 97: deformed, and transfer them to the
Page 98 and 99: pressures, such that they overcome
Page 100 and 101: façade materials intact and attach
Page 102 and 103: 2.4 neW cOnStructiOn The design of
Page 104 and 105: Blast-resistant detailing requires
Page 106 and 107: the slab, the slab reinforcement mu
Page 108 and 109: spacing of 16 inches that extends i
Page 110 and 111: In order for the glazing to realize
Page 112 and 113: precast panels, the spacing of the
Page 114 and 115: to a column or a vehicle-borne expl
Page 116 and 117: without any means of attachment or
Page 118 and 119: polycarbonate glazing can be mixed
Page 120 and 121: Rigid catch bar systems were design
Page 122 and 123: stainless steel cables connected wi
Page 124 and 125: Alternatively, an unreinforced maso
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Figure 2- 9 Metal stud blast wall I
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2.5.3 checklist for retrofitting is
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Shearwalls consist of straight or d
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Light wood frame structures do not
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eam column joints, all member stres
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Steel moment frame structures provi
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Steel frames with infill masonry wa
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esponse to 500 pounds of TNT at a s
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to provide ductile performance. The
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Unless sited in a seismic zone, con
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Precast concrete frames and shearwa
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uilding. Locating the shelter in th
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Unreinforced load-bearing masonry b
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damage in response to 500 pounds of
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Floor slabs within an interior stai
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3.1 oVeRVieW This chapter describes
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m Class 2. This class also includes
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may be necessary for people to occu
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3.3 SaFe RooM CRiTeRia This section
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interior room is preferable to a ro
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m Penetrations. Measures for reduci
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Figure 3- hinged covers facilitate
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enclosure subjected to wind and buo
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Many models of these indoor air pur
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designing and building ultra-high e
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Table 3-2: Leakage per Square Foot
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3.5 opeRaTionS anD MainTenanCe For
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m Turn on a radio or TV in the safe
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Tape, plastic, and carbon dioxide d
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m Isolation dampers. Correct damper
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3.7 CoMMiSSioninG a CLaSS 1 CBR SaF
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have been appropriately placed to p
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m To develop an understanding of th
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CBR ThReaT pRoTeCTion Figure 3- Tas
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Task 4. Determine How Much Filtered
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Pre-heat Coil Module. This module c
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address system or the single-switch
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the Homeland security digital Libra
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the national Fire Protection associ
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From established reporting mechanis
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An Emergency Operations Center (EOC
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m Weapons of Mass Destruction-Civil
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dHs/FEma and the office for domesti
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The 48 seconds do not include the t
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Figure 4-5 High-rise buildings and
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m In the initial phase (hours and d
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designated. The following is a list
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m Coordinating shelter evacuation p
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4.5.5 notification manager The Noti
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Table 4-1: Shelter Equipment and Su
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Toilets would be needed by the occu
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4.5.8.7 Emergency Equipment Credenz
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FEma’s United states Fire adminis
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4.7.3 event safety procedures The f
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4.9 training and inFormation Employ
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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearm
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Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Phan, L.T., and Simiu, E. 1998. The
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Army TM 5-853-4, Security Engineeri
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Corps of Engineers Guide Specificat
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Addresses workplace vulnerability t
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State of Florida Shelter Plan, Flor
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Management (2003) http://floridadis
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UL 586, High-Efficiency, Particulat
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C CA California C&C components and
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F FBI Federal Bureau of Investigati
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J JFO Joint Field Office K kb kilob
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O O.C. on center OG outer garments
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U UBC Building Code UCRL University
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FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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