FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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Mehta, K.C., and Carter, R.R. 1999. “Assessment of Tornado Wind Speed From Damage to Jefferson County, Alabama.” Wind Engineering into the 21st Century: Proceedings, 10th International Conference on Wind Engineering, A. Larsen, G.L. Larose, and F.M. Livesey, Eds. Copenhagen, Denmark. June 21-24. pp. 265-271. Mehta, K.C., Minor, J.E., and McDonald, J.R. 1976. “Wind Speed Analysis of April 3-4, 1974 Tornadoes.” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, 102(ST9). pp. 1709-1724. Minor, J.E., McDonald, J.R., and Peterson, R.E. 1982. “Analysis of Near-Ground Windfields.” Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Severe Local Storms (San Antonio, Texas, 11-15 January 1982). American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA. National Concrete Masonry Association. 1972. Design of Concrete Masonry Warehouse Walls. TEK 37. Herndon, VA. National Fire Protection Association. 1999. Standard for Healthcare Facilities. NFPA 99. National Fire Protection Association. 2003. Building Construction and Safety Code Handbook. NFPA 5000. National Fire Protection Association. 2004. Disaster/Engineering Management and Business Continuity Programs. NFPA 1600. National Fire Protection Association. 2006. Life Safety Code. NFPA 101. NIST Technical Note 1426. U.S. Department of Commerce Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Washington, DC. July. O’Neil, S., and Pinelli, J.P. 1998. Recommendations for the Mitigation of Tornado Induced Damages on Masonry Structures. Report No. 1998-1. Wind & Hurricane Impact Research Laboratory, Florida Institute of Technology. December. references A
Phan, L.T., and Simiu, E. 1998. The Fujita Tornado Intensity Scale: A Critique Based on Observations of the Jarrell Tornado of May 27, 1997. Pietras, B. K. 1997. “Analysis of Angular Wind Borne Debris Impact Loads.” Senior Independent Study Report. Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. May. Powell, M.D. 1993. Wind Measurement and Archival Under the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS). Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, Vol. 74, 615-623. Powell, M.D., Houston, S.H., and Reinhold, T.A. 1994. “Standardizing Wind Measurements for Documentation of Surface Wind Fields in Hurricane Andrew.” Proceedings of the Symposium: Hurricanes of 1992 (Miami, FL, December 1-3, 1993). ASCE, New York. pp. 52-69. Recommendations to Appendix E, “Planning Guidelines for Protective Actions and Responses for the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program,” Section E.4, 17 May 96. Rogers, G.O., Watson, A.P., Sorensen, J.H., Sharp, R.D., and Carnes, S.A. 1990. Evaluating Protective Actions for Chemical Agent Emergencies, ORNL-6615, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. April. Sciaudone, J.C. 1996. Analysis of Wind Borne Debris Impact Loads. MS Thesis. Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. August. Steel Joist Institute. Steel Joist Institute 60-Year Manual 1928-1988. Texas Tech University Wind Engineering Research Center. 1998. Design of Residential Shelters From Extreme Winds. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX. July. Twisdale, L.A., and Dunn, W.L. 1981. Tornado Missile Simulation and Design Methodology. EPRI NP-2005 (Volumes I and II). Technical Report. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA. August. A- references
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Risk Management Series Design Guida
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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This guidance focuses on safe rooms
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protect occupants until law enforce
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of best practices (based on current
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Project Advisory Panel: Ronald Bark
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1.7.1.1. Tornado.or.Short-term.Shel
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2.6.6. RM1.and.RM2.Reinforced.Mason
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4.5. Community.Shelter.Operations.P
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FIgUREs chapter 1 Figure.1-1.. Terr
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Figure.2-16.. Spray-on.elastomer.co
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chapter 4 Figure.4-1.. Preparedness
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in response to the manmade CBRE thr
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decides not to chance fate and cons
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Although operational security measu
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Table 1-2: Safe Evacuation Distance
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Figure 1-1 terrorism by event 1980
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odorless. Their effects occur mainl
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Figure 1-3 radioactive materials sm
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Table 1-3: Correlation of ISC Level
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Table 1-4: ISC CBR Levels of Protec
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m It is partially shielded by the s
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m Single-use shelters. Single-use s
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structure or a new structure to be
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m Territoriality (promotes a sense
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Figure 1- examples of internal shel
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Figure 1-9 examples of internal she
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loading depending upon the building
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model building codes all have provi
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Figure 1-10 national Weather servic
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operations and maintenance plan. De
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For tornado shelters, the most crit
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Reference Standard 6-1 Photolumines
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every building should have an emerg
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Three methods are followed for the
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partitions for areas of about 12,00
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the 2006 editions of nFPa 101, Life
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Figure 1-13 operations Zones, casua
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Figure 1-1 nrP-cis emergency decont
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Figure 1-1 example of Pentagon stag
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Figure 1-19 site and evidence colle
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2.1 OVerVieW Structural deSign crit
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affect the hazard potential of the
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2.2.1 Blast effects in low-rise Bui
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As an example, panelized constructi
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2.3 hardened cOnStructiOn 2.3.1 Str
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Protective design further requires
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deformed, and transfer them to the
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pressures, such that they overcome
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façade materials intact and attach
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2.4 neW cOnStructiOn The design of
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Blast-resistant detailing requires
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the slab, the slab reinforcement mu
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spacing of 16 inches that extends i
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In order for the glazing to realize
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precast panels, the spacing of the
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to a column or a vehicle-borne expl
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without any means of attachment or
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polycarbonate glazing can be mixed
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Rigid catch bar systems were design
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stainless steel cables connected wi
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Alternatively, an unreinforced maso
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Figure 2- 9 Metal stud blast wall I
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2.5.3 checklist for retrofitting is
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Shearwalls consist of straight or d
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Light wood frame structures do not
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eam column joints, all member stres
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Steel moment frame structures provi
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Steel frames with infill masonry wa
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esponse to 500 pounds of TNT at a s
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to provide ductile performance. The
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Unless sited in a seismic zone, con
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Precast concrete frames and shearwa
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uilding. Locating the shelter in th
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Unreinforced load-bearing masonry b
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damage in response to 500 pounds of
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Floor slabs within an interior stai
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3.1 oVeRVieW This chapter describes
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m Class 2. This class also includes
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may be necessary for people to occu
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3.3 SaFe RooM CRiTeRia This section
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interior room is preferable to a ro
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m Penetrations. Measures for reduci
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Figure 3- hinged covers facilitate
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enclosure subjected to wind and buo
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Many models of these indoor air pur
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designing and building ultra-high e
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Table 3-2: Leakage per Square Foot
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3.5 opeRaTionS anD MainTenanCe For
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m Turn on a radio or TV in the safe
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Tape, plastic, and carbon dioxide d
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m Isolation dampers. Correct damper
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3.7 CoMMiSSioninG a CLaSS 1 CBR SaF
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have been appropriately placed to p
Page 190 and 191: m To develop an understanding of th
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Page 194 and 195: Task 4. Determine How Much Filtered
Page 196 and 197: Pre-heat Coil Module. This module c
Page 198: address system or the single-switch
Page 201 and 202: the Homeland security digital Libra
Page 203 and 204: the national Fire Protection associ
Page 205 and 206: From established reporting mechanis
Page 207 and 208: An Emergency Operations Center (EOC
Page 209 and 210: m Weapons of Mass Destruction-Civil
Page 211 and 212: dHs/FEma and the office for domesti
Page 213 and 214: The 48 seconds do not include the t
Page 215 and 216: Figure 4-5 High-rise buildings and
Page 217 and 218: m In the initial phase (hours and d
Page 219 and 220: designated. The following is a list
Page 221 and 222: m Coordinating shelter evacuation p
Page 223 and 224: 4.5.5 notification manager The Noti
Page 225 and 226: Table 4-1: Shelter Equipment and Su
Page 227 and 228: Toilets would be needed by the occu
Page 229 and 230: 4.5.8.7 Emergency Equipment Credenz
Page 231 and 232: FEma’s United states Fire adminis
Page 233 and 234: 4.7.3 event safety procedures The f
Page 235 and 236: 4.9 training and inFormation Employ
Page 237 and 238: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearm
Page 239: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Page 243 and 244: Army TM 5-853-4, Security Engineeri
Page 245 and 246: Corps of Engineers Guide Specificat
Page 247 and 248: Addresses workplace vulnerability t
Page 249 and 250: State of Florida Shelter Plan, Flor
Page 251 and 252: Management (2003) http://floridadis
Page 253 and 254: UL 586, High-Efficiency, Particulat
Page 255 and 256: C CA California C&C components and
Page 257 and 258: F FBI Federal Bureau of Investigati
Page 259 and 260: J JFO Joint Field Office K kb kilob
Page 261 and 262: O O.C. on center OG outer garments
Page 263: U UBC Building Code UCRL University
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FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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