FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

Figure 2-29
c concrete moment
frames
Concrete and infill masonry shearwall building systems have
floor and roof framing that consists of cast-in-place concrete
slabs, concrete beams, one-way joists, two-way waffle joists, or flat
slabs. Floors are supported on concrete columns or bearing walls.
Lateral forces are resisted by cast-in-place concrete shear walls
or infill panels constructed of solid clay brick, concrete block,
or hollow clay tile masonry (see Figures 2-30, 2-31, and 2-32). In
older construction, cast-in-place shear walls are lightly reinforced,
but often extend throughout the building. In more recent construction,
shear walls occur in isolated locations and are more
heavily reinforced with boundary elements and closely spaced ties
2- 8 Structural deSign criteria