FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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American Concrete Institute. 1999. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary. ACI 318-02, ACI 318-99, and ACI 318R-99. Farmington Hills, MI. American Red Cross. 2002. Standards for Hurricane Evacuation Shelter Selection. ARC 4496. January. American Society of Civil Engineers, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7-98 Public Ballot Copy, American Society of Civil Engineers. Reston, VA. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Practice for Specifying an Equivalent 3-Second Duration Design Loading for Blast Resistant Glazing Fabricated with Laminated Glass. ASTM 2248. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA. ANSI/AF&PA NDS-1997. 1997. National Design Specification for Wood Construction. August. Batts, M.E., Cordes, M.R., Russell, L.R., Shaver, J.R. and Simiu, E. 1980. Hurricane Wind Speeds in the United States. NBS Building Science Series 124. National Bureau of Standards (NBS), Washington, DC. pp. 41. Blewett, W.K., Reeves, D.W., Arca, V.J., Fatkin, D.P., and Cannon, B.D. May 1996. Sheltering in Place: An Evaluation for the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program, ERDEC-TR-336, U.S. Army Edgewood Research, Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Blewett, W.K. February 2002. Fail-Safe Application and Design of Air Conditioners for NBC Collective Protection Systems, ECBC-TR-223, U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. references RefeRences A A
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF). 2002. Incidents, Casualties and Property Damage. Blewett, W.K., and Arca, V.J. June 1999. Experiments in Sheltering in Place: How Filtering Affects Protection Against Sarin and Mustard Vapor, ECBC-TR-034, U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Carter, R. R. May 1998. Wind-Generated Missile Impact on Composite Wall Systems. MS Thesis. Department of Civil Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX. Clemson University Department of Civil Engineering. January 2000. Enhanced Protection from Severe Wind Storms. Clemson University, Clemson, SC. Coats, D. W., and Murray, R. C. August 1985. Natural Phenomena Hazards Modeling Project: Extreme Wind/Tornado Hazard Models for Department of Energy Sites. UCRL-53526. Rev. 1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, CA. “Design of Collective Protection Shelters to Resist Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Agents.” ETL-1110-3-498, February 24, 1999. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC. Durst, C.S. 1960. “Wind Speeds Over Short Periods of Time,” Meteorology Magazine, 89. pp.181-187. Engelmann, R.J. May 1990. Effectiveness of Sheltering in Buildings and Vehicles for Plutonium, DE90-016697, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1980. Interim Guidelines for Building Occupant Protection From Tornadoes and Extreme Winds. TR-83A. September. A- references
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Risk Management Series Design Guida
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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This guidance focuses on safe rooms
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protect occupants until law enforce
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of best practices (based on current
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Project Advisory Panel: Ronald Bark
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1.7.1.1. Tornado.or.Short-term.Shel
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2.6.6. RM1.and.RM2.Reinforced.Mason
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4.5. Community.Shelter.Operations.P
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FIgUREs chapter 1 Figure.1-1.. Terr
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Figure.2-16.. Spray-on.elastomer.co
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chapter 4 Figure.4-1.. Preparedness
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in response to the manmade CBRE thr
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decides not to chance fate and cons
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Although operational security measu
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Table 1-2: Safe Evacuation Distance
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Figure 1-1 terrorism by event 1980
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odorless. Their effects occur mainl
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Figure 1-3 radioactive materials sm
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Table 1-3: Correlation of ISC Level
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Table 1-4: ISC CBR Levels of Protec
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m It is partially shielded by the s
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m Single-use shelters. Single-use s
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structure or a new structure to be
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m Territoriality (promotes a sense
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Figure 1- examples of internal shel
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Figure 1-9 examples of internal she
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loading depending upon the building
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model building codes all have provi
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Figure 1-10 national Weather servic
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operations and maintenance plan. De
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For tornado shelters, the most crit
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Reference Standard 6-1 Photolumines
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every building should have an emerg
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Three methods are followed for the
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partitions for areas of about 12,00
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the 2006 editions of nFPa 101, Life
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Figure 1-13 operations Zones, casua
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Figure 1-1 nrP-cis emergency decont
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Figure 1-1 example of Pentagon stag
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Figure 1-19 site and evidence colle
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2.1 OVerVieW Structural deSign crit
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affect the hazard potential of the
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2.2.1 Blast effects in low-rise Bui
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As an example, panelized constructi
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2.3 hardened cOnStructiOn 2.3.1 Str
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Protective design further requires
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deformed, and transfer them to the
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pressures, such that they overcome
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façade materials intact and attach
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2.4 neW cOnStructiOn The design of
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Blast-resistant detailing requires
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the slab, the slab reinforcement mu
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spacing of 16 inches that extends i
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In order for the glazing to realize
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precast panels, the spacing of the
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to a column or a vehicle-borne expl
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without any means of attachment or
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polycarbonate glazing can be mixed
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Rigid catch bar systems were design
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stainless steel cables connected wi
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Alternatively, an unreinforced maso
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Figure 2- 9 Metal stud blast wall I
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2.5.3 checklist for retrofitting is
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Shearwalls consist of straight or d
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Light wood frame structures do not
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eam column joints, all member stres
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Steel moment frame structures provi
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Steel frames with infill masonry wa
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esponse to 500 pounds of TNT at a s
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to provide ductile performance. The
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Unless sited in a seismic zone, con
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Precast concrete frames and shearwa
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uilding. Locating the shelter in th
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Unreinforced load-bearing masonry b
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damage in response to 500 pounds of
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Floor slabs within an interior stai
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3.1 oVeRVieW This chapter describes
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m Class 2. This class also includes
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may be necessary for people to occu
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3.3 SaFe RooM CRiTeRia This section
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interior room is preferable to a ro
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m Penetrations. Measures for reduci
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Figure 3- hinged covers facilitate
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enclosure subjected to wind and buo
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Many models of these indoor air pur
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designing and building ultra-high e
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Table 3-2: Leakage per Square Foot
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3.5 opeRaTionS anD MainTenanCe For
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m Turn on a radio or TV in the safe
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Tape, plastic, and carbon dioxide d
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m Isolation dampers. Correct damper
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Page 188 and 189: have been appropriately placed to p
Page 190 and 191: m To develop an understanding of th
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Page 194 and 195: Task 4. Determine How Much Filtered
Page 196 and 197: Pre-heat Coil Module. This module c
Page 198: address system or the single-switch
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Page 205 and 206: From established reporting mechanis
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Page 209 and 210: m Weapons of Mass Destruction-Civil
Page 211 and 212: dHs/FEma and the office for domesti
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Page 215 and 216: Figure 4-5 High-rise buildings and
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Page 219 and 220: designated. The following is a list
Page 221 and 222: m Coordinating shelter evacuation p
Page 223 and 224: 4.5.5 notification manager The Noti
Page 225 and 226: Table 4-1: Shelter Equipment and Su
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Page 229 and 230: 4.5.8.7 Emergency Equipment Credenz
Page 231 and 232: FEma’s United states Fire adminis
Page 233 and 234: 4.7.3 event safety procedures The f
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Page 239 and 240: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Page 241 and 242: Phan, L.T., and Simiu, E. 1998. The
Page 243 and 244: Army TM 5-853-4, Security Engineeri
Page 245 and 246: Corps of Engineers Guide Specificat
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Page 249 and 250: State of Florida Shelter Plan, Flor
Page 251 and 252: Management (2003) http://floridadis
Page 253 and 254: UL 586, High-Efficiency, Particulat
Page 255 and 256: C CA California C&C components and
Page 257 and 258: F FBI Federal Bureau of Investigati
Page 259 and 260: J JFO Joint Field Office K kb kilob
Page 261 and 262: O O.C. on center OG outer garments
Page 263: U UBC Building Code UCRL University
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