dictionary of sanskrit grammar

possessed of no mute
indicatory letter; not possessed of
any mute indicatory letter • cf. §5
5^^ ( frrcs^-ss: l
M. Bh. on I. 1.T4.
rf^g^SRaqT^TO a short term used for
the maxim if
srdpj; Par. Sek. Pari. 8i.
possessed of no scope of, or
occasion for, application ; the word
is also used, in this sense.
The niravakasa rules always set
aside the general rules which are
always present wherever they i.e.
the niravakasa rules are possible to
be applied. Niravakasatva is looked
upon as one cf the two criteria for
ql*r or sublation, the other one being
as illustrated by the
- usual maxim, known as ct^frfe^-
hifj. See cf. also
mm W fasrat ngfor'Par. Sek. on
Pari. 64.
a fault of pronunciation when a
vowel is harshly pronounced and
hence is not properly audible; cf.
#R3cT Pradipa on M. Bh. 1. 1.
Ahn. 1. The fault occurs when the
place and the means of utterance
are pressed and drawn in ; cf. ffi^r
^ 33! w m R. Pr. X IV . 2.
faRTpf ( 1 ) set aside; answered ; the
word is frequently used in connection
with faults which are stated to
occur or present themselves if a
particular explanation is given;
(2 ) prevailed over by another ; cf.
CRT if f?RT®ef^ R. Pr. X I. 30,
where U vvata paraphrases t?raisr as
f^ lT .
name of a class of works which
were composed to explain the collections
of Vedic words by means of
proposing derivations of those words
from roots as would suit the sense.
The Nirukta works are looked upon
223
as supplementary to grammar works
and there must have been a good
many works of this kind in ancient
times as shown by references to the
writers of these viz. Upamanyu,
Sakatayana, Sakapuni, Sakapurti
and others, but, out of them only
one work composed by Yaska has
survived; the word, hence has been
applied by scholars to the Nirukta of
Yaska which is believed to have
been written in the seventh or the
eighth century B.C. i.e. a century
or two before Panini. The Nirukta
works were looked upon as subsidiary
to the study of the Vedas
along with works on phonetics
( ftl5JT), rituals ( ), grammar
( ) prosody ( ) and astronomy
( ) and a mention of
them is found made in the Chando-
gyopanisad. As many of the derivations
in the Nirukta appear to be
forced and fanciful, it is doubtful
whether the Nirkuta works could
be called scientific treatise^ ©The
work of Yaska, however, has got
its own importance and place among
works subsidiary to the Veda, being
a very old work of that kind and
quoted by later commentators.
There were some glosses and commentary
works written upon Yaska’s
Nirukta out of which the one by
Durgacarya is a scholarly one. It is
doubtful whether Durgacarya is the
same as Durgasimha, who wrote a
Vrtti or gloss on the Katantra Vyakarana.
The word is found in
the Pratisakhya works in the sense
of * explained ’ and not in the sense
of derived; cf. R. Pr. X V . 6; V. Pr.
IV . 19,195.
a gloss on Yaska’s Nirukta
written by a modern scholar of
grammar named Ugracarya in the
eighteenth century A.D.