dictionary of sanskrit grammar

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tematic explanation of the formation of words in a language ( sohot- 3TM or ^51^ 116^); cf. ( a ) sqif=jst 3T%5T ff& sq]=R^ It refers to sjffoUcqJl- f t w i ; M. Bh. on Ahnika x. Vart. 12 ; cf. ( b ) «s?[q®$5t M. Bh. Ahnika 1, Vart. 14 ; cf. ( c ) «r fi'4T M. Bh. on P. I. 1.1.. Vart. 7 ; ( d ) ga%f' 1 q ^ ifcn H=n M.Bh. on P. I. 1.1. Vart. 7 ; ( e ) ^ W s!IRS?t M. Bb. on P. I. 1.23 Vart. 4; cf. ( f ) ? f ^ sqmnr 3T? 3t^^: 1 M .Bh. on P. I. 1.68. cf. ( g ) sn*T I^fgTiTT I M. Bh. on P. I. 2.32. The word sqif.^q is mostly used in the sense of ‘ the Science of Grammar5 in the Mahabhasya. It is explained by modern scholars as ‘ the law of the correctness of speech and etymological science' and described both as a science and an art. name of a single grammarian or sometimes that of a school of grammar. They are Indra, Panini, Candra, Katantra, Jainendra, Sakatayana, Hemacandra, Sarasvata, Bopadeva, Jaumar, Saupadma, Vaisnava or Saiva. The number of grammarians is given as eight in Durga and Bopadeva and five in Kasika on P. IV. 2.60. ®5H>
a gloss on the Sutras of Panini written by VisveSvara. the purpose of the study of Grammar which is beautifully summed up and discussed in the first Ahnika by Patanjali in his Mahabhasya. a term used by scholars of the Paninian system of grammar with respect to grammar works of other systems such as the Katantra, the Sakatayana, and others; cf. f e f S. K . on 3T#%jg P. VII. 44 72. =3TIf>f?r a commentary on Prakriya Kaumudi by Visvakarman. ( x ) explanation of a rule, or a line, or a verse by analysing the rule and giving examples and counter-examples; cf. if sfe: arict, 1 a ft 1 3^ f^ r 5R g^ > n n w m ifR : ? # - acggfed sqi^R *mf?f 1 M. Bh. Ahnika 1 Vart. 11; cf. also tt^ fl 1 I (2) authoritative decision given in places of doubt by ancient scholars ; cf. ftfN- ■ JffcPrft: M Bh. Ahnika 1 ; Par. Sek. Pad. 1. osnsPTF^ name of an ancient grammarian who is quoted in the Pratisakhya works and the Mahabhasya. His grammar work was called ‘ dasaka ’ possibly on account of its consisting of 10 chapters; cf. îc-ufJ^qfg gay 3ftg: Kas. on P. VII. I. 94 ; cf. also 3;g?Tq?liaT#qi: Kas. on P. IV. 2.65. =?nsnj|% name of an old grammarian later than Patanjali who is quoted by later grammarions; cf. =qiSf*^TT- S*R#T % Siddhanta 378 kaumudi on P. V II. 1 5 - a class of words headed by sqm which, as standards of comparison, are compounded with words showing objects of comparison provided the common property is not mentioned ; e g. etc., cf, Kas. on P. II. 1.56. name of an ancient grammarian with a sound scholarship in Vedic phonetics, accentuation, derivation of words and their interpretation. He is believed to have been a relative and contemporary of Panini and to have written- a very scholarly huge volume on: Sanskrit grammar named ‘ Sarhgraha ’ which is believed to have consisted of a lac of verses; cf. ggft ®nfefat jpir: l Nagesa's U ddyota; cf. also 5? stf.TlPlsM sjnga- 1 Vak. pad. Tika. The work is not available at present. References to Vyadi or to his work are found in the Pratisakhya works, the Mahabhasya, the Varttikas, the Vakyapadlya and many subsequent treatises. A work on the Vyakarana Paribhasas, believed to have been written by Vyadi, is available by the name qfttfnng’W which from its style and other peculiarities seems to have been written after the Varttikas, but before the Mahabhasya. Vyadi is well-known to have been the oldest exponent of the doctrine that words denote an individual object and not the genus. For details see pp. 136-8, Vol. 7 Vyakarana - Mahabhasya, D. E. Society’s Edition. name given to the pupils and students belonging to the school of ■ V yadi; cf. M. Bh. on P . VI. 2.36.
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A DICTIONARY OF SANSKRIT GRAMMAR By
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FOREWORD The first edition of "A Di
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I! s p r w fa n n j r r c . m < $ m
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Object of this Dictionary INTRODUCT
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xi Jayaditya, Vamana, Kaiyata, Hara
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HINTS FO R THE USE O F THIS D IC TI
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Padamanjari=Padamafijan, a commenta
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A Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar ®
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spfjfsw 3 and arfrsRoij stated with
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improperly which does not serve ■
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cf. sgsfsr: Kat. II. 1.8; st^ s^kr:
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specially mentioned as not interfer
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called ade£a. This full representa
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Panini in gtj^li'a^r: ( P. V II. 2.
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15 P. I. 4.56. Many times the limit
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*\ a grammarian who wrote a comment
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III. i.4, V II. 2.io, V II. 4.9. Th
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occurring before as well as after a
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23 SffllfK: P. 1. 2.29-31, T. Pr. I
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varieties of it such as ftiK , 5jgR
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sjsJJS said afterwards, generally i
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29 nical term ) as a cause of its a
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upon the sense conveyed by them, 1(
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Ricgf ^ ew il# *#aif?r | M. Bh. on
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arqterrafe 35 army Rlfef prescribin
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second member, is absorbed into the
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SWT? 39 (2 ) a significant term for
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termed Pratipadika, and no case- af
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3^RRr< when the vowel, which posses
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according to Tait.- Pr. while, it i
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Slfw? 47 srfqqfs# qgl vtqf?r M. Bh.
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meeting or an accidental circumstan
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zmm'm 51 absence of a syntactical c
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untoned; a word without an - accent
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and becoming while nouns ( aTOft) h
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3JFE?l4%rfPf 57 given as “ f?nsFq
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ehaves like the original” P.I.1.5
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suPi 61 3r!
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fjpfcpi; cf. '^KFcrrft Ath. Pr. II.
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65 a short gloss on the Sutras of P
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srwsr 67 3TORT nearest, most proxim
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( I ) augment ? prefixed, in genera
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a grammatical operation caused by i
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substitute for the last ? before a
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f% i; ( a root) possessed of long f
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^ 77 grammatical work Sisyahitavrtt
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one by Ram atarkavagiia or Rama- £
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not consistent with what is taught
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eferred t o ; pointed out, subject,
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cf. stTO s r ^ Pari. Selch. on Pari
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manyu was an ancient sage who wrote
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la stated that prefixes express a s
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see 3TFer; the word is generally fo
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( i ) substitute for % , ending of
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s?£3T?F?lf^ 95 a class of words he
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short vowel which measures one matr
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the continuous utterance of Vedic s
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ir ^ t lO'l s ia : Kas. on P. IV. 2
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to form the word cf. =?3Sim l^fi P.
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ariW^TFi^ subsequently stated by -
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TOf&iWlfSt a Jain grammarian who wr
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Bh. on I. 2. 32; cf. also sigsnrwiw
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I l l in the nominative case. e.g.
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which is referred to in the Panini
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115 present. Its last chapter ( Cat
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a commentary? on Durgasimha’s Kat
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The verse portion of the Karakaca-
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time which is called rjRl or lit. m
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Literature added to roots ending in
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the sRwfasrH?? named Parsadavya- kh
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ffoflT artificial; technical, as op
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__________ acted as Jf#r Or light,
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the root, e g . w «gfsrr; cf. P. I
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writer of the,Padapatha is to follo
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m ., etc. under certain conditions;
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* glottis ’ or the hole of the th
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and who lived in the twelfth centur
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141 1 wit cf, qfrqi^ Par. Sek. Pari
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term in Panini’s grammar standing
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known grammatical treatises such 14
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vowel of the root, is added in the
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ases ending in sr; cf. P. IV. i. 2
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^ a Vikarana affix of the aorist su
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form from the root ^ in the sense o
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name of a commentary on the Paribha
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157 ^ the second consonant of the p
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wrote a sort of refutation of Bhatt
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the view that mrfir, or genus only,
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See above. The Jaumara Vyakarana ha
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165 which f_ is changed into the co
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a® 167 . -®t and f under certain
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The tad. affix is added as a genera
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the word m ; e.g. qg: cf. P. V. 3.9
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the vowel ?, excepting 5 of the tad
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ending witb qgs; is repeated to con
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177 cf. KaS. on P. IV. 3.105; (8 )
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335!* 179 ■5! of the past pass. p
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1 181 of eRsriwr is not desirable,
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IV . 1.92 etc. The word is also exp
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185 ians just like a Paribhasa; cf.
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a class of compound words headed by
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a class of roots headed by the root
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Somayarya and ( b ) the ' Vaidika-.
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is found used in connection with a
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tad. affix *r^ in the sense of (man
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197 name of a commentary on Kondabh
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or also. A work on Paribhasas named
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v fc ? a Jain grammarian of the 13t
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as one thing differing from another
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cbmpound e.g. qgira*r«tt or ( c) h
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sw a? preceptor of Bopadeva. He wro
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Dame of a commentary on the Kavikal
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f 211 and old grammar works; cf. ft
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as and referred to in the same way,
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‘W capable of being cerebralized.
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^ ^ 1 3 a denominative root; the te
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WTvT I HffifcfT *l#cT I W ^HlpTT *t
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#prm 2 2 l followed by almost all l
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possessed of no mute indicatory let
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fMl&P ( i ) productive, as opposed
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cf. P. V II. 1.54; (2 ) to the affi
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ule which has got some exceptions,
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the fifth consonant of the five cla
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----- q ^ 5 ( V . Pr. III. 2 ) as c
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which is believed to have been base
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i n as the sense is technically ter
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upon as a part for purposes of acce
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a very brief commentary on the Pari
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244 behind the eyes, unnoticed by t
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71335 246 7133) ( I ) or SoppRtrre?
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as shown by his definition ‘ If t
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a fggjf work of the White Yajnrveda
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3 short term for the labial consona
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the rule prescribing the term p f i
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. pound, which hence is defined as
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- explained as by the writer of the
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word; e.g. the restoration of the r
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stood as an independent accent by t
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1.43. The word srfgfte which is gen
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^mî 266 to affixes when they are p
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V ait 3, also cf. Katantra I. 4.1 a
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m -8, also on P. III. 1.94 Vart. 3
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STff% ( i ) application^ or present
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. : natural, which can be so ordina
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sfiTW, sisqjj, efernr, f ^ , 9 RTH,
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iDg of the noun ( under discussion
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5rtejT^tWt&8T 280 on Grammar and th
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^ [B U R N E L L , D r.] a European
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- multisyllabled, a word which cont
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descendant; e.g. qtcfq:, qifli: etc
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3# name of an old grammarian who is
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Brahmaija, as is generally believed
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- - time around Thirteenth century
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loth, n th and 12th centuries. The
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Panini’s Astadhyayi as it begins
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¥=1T^DI 298 cf. wftoi ^WlFt 1 Vaj.
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irspTiwr lit. fallen in the middle;
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m z 302 TTfiJiicnr IV. 3.92) added
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carelessly. The available commentar
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and Kaundinya should serve, the lat
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A - ; has been lengthened by Vrddhi
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( sfter) out of which the TKItT is
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affix is sometimes dropped; cf. q§
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mean 314 sound intervening between
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316 ( i ) proper, appropriate, just
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jr w r t). The affix is not applied
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V III. 2.70; ( 3 ) the consonant ^
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tflt. augment x inserted after the
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vyakarana, who in turn is commented
Page 341 and 342: cf. P. VIII. 4.67 ; (3 ) substitute
Page 343 and 344: W l one of the eight modes of Vedic
Page 345 and 346: — f t 330 as different from that
Page 347 and 348: are used along with the verbal form
Page 349 and 350: the acute accent for the vowel imme
Page 351 and 352: conditions, the affixes fir, w.*, 3
Page 353 and 354: n stands at the beginning of a word
Page 355 and 356: also and irNfonryisft. The work tin
Page 357 and 358: transposition of letters; cf. qojsj
Page 359 and 360: 344 or ^ gingival, produced at the
Page 361 and 362: " JI =5 s ^ fc r 1 M. Bh. on P. I.
Page 363 and 364: , 3183 yana is likely to be the sam
Page 365 and 366: s^Fcr: qgfatftoi 1% mft?- €K: Rff
Page 367 and 368: with another in the utterance; cf.
Page 369 and 370: fe’gpr examination, question or t
Page 371 and 372: tad. affix f ^ . See the word fl^ .
Page 373 and 374: etc. cf. ft'TTcTT M. Bh. on P. V II
Page 375 and 376: f§P&ST9 ^n3
Page 377 and 378: ■ near each other; cf. ÔTfciFcrc
Page 379 and 380: _ learned commentaries on the wor k
Page 381 and 382: tfH. and others, and to the roots ^
Page 383 and 384: • - iRra$n s'TH; cf. M. Bh. on P.
Page 385 and 386: 370 name of that section of Bhatfoj
Page 387 and 388: - Tf^m , (2 ) ^ f s r , ( 3 )g« r
Page 389 and 390: any confusion, say confusion of one
Page 391: SWTFT 376 - I M. Bh. on P. III. 3.8
Page 395 and 396: - instrument of the production of s
Page 397 and 398: capacity which combines %sRsr with
Page 399 and 400: ^ftfq=ST Vakyapadlya, I. I ; cf. al
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Page 403 and 404: class of letters beginning with ^ i
Page 405 and 406: a treatise on the theory of sri'^w
Page 407 and 408: (gre?
Page 409 and 410: given in the Prakriya Kaumudi and w
Page 411 and 412: sfNianTH 396 «rrf%oi M. Bh. on P.
Page 413 and 414: hasya on I. 1.57. The name Sva- bhu
Page 415 and 416: is frequently used b y grammarians;
Page 417 and 418: has already been added as also to t
Page 419 and 420: i____ s w t Some quotations only ar
Page 421 and 422: which are so placed, coalesce toget
Page 423 and 424: elative term ; the . term refers to
Page 425 and 426: tio n ; cf. w-w 1 ' ^WI'fiftsKRRffa
Page 427 and 428: accent which prevails by the remova
Page 429 and 430: tive case by ancient grammarians an
Page 431 and 432: gs^BgTRifSi R. Pr. I. ir . cf. also
Page 433 and 434: ^ and which means the anticipation
Page 435 and 436: indiscriminately ; an application i
Page 437 and 438: Sfr t t f w qlfiStf. R. Pr. X III.
Page 439 and 440: . 33: m fllt l M.Bh. on P. VI. 1.70
Page 441 and 442: 426 the celebrated Vedic scholar an
Page 443 and 444:
many times of use in cases .of doub
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430 a term used in connection with
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mentioned above are termed roots by
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2.18. Vart. 4, M,' Bh. On II. schoo
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to be established, to be brought ab
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an authoritive dictum of an ancient
Page 455 and 456:
. be turned into ^ e. g. in Jpspft,
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^ si- 442 are to be understood and
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’ commented on many’ grammar- w
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name of a commentary written by a g
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H?ra5?I55lli0ffiffxr a short gloss
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