dictionary of sanskrit grammar

439
ed of 3f In ‘ 3??3, and are
increased to thirteen and further to
twentytwo by adding the pluta
forms, there being no long variety
for 55 and short one for the diphthongs.
All these twentytwo varieties
have further subdivisions, made on
the criterion of each of them being
further characterized by the properties
3Tj=piTr and and
and ( 2 ) The
word also means accent, a
property possessed exclusively by
vowels and not by consonants/as
they are entirely dependent on
vowels and can at the most be
said to possess the same accent
as the vowel with which they are
uttered together. The accents
are mentioned to be three; the
acute (a^lTl), the grave arg^re
and the circumflex ( ^ % ) defined
respectively as
and guTfTC: by Panini ( P. I.
2.29, 30, 3 1). The point whether
fWTfPC means" a combination or
coming together one after another
of the two, or a commixture or
blending of the two is critically
discussed in the Mahabhasya. ( vide
M. Bh. on P. I. 2.31). There
are, however, two kinds of svarita
mentioned by Panini and found
actually in use: ( a ) the independent
as possessed by the word
^ ( from which possibly the word
t^KcT was formed) and a few other
words as also many times by the
resultant vowel out of two vowels
• ( and aig^ra) combined, and
( b ) the enclitic or secondary
svarita by - which name, one or
more grave vowels occurring after
the udatta, in a chain, are called ;
cf. P. V III. 2.4 VIII. 2.6 and V III.
4.66 and 67. The topic of accents
is fully discussed by the authors of
the Pratisakhyas as also by Panini.
For details, see R. Pr. III. 1.19 ;
T. Pr. 38-47 V. Pr. I. 108 to 132,
II. 1.65 A . Pr. Adhyaya 1 padas
1, 2, 3 and Rk-Tantra 51-6 6 ;
see also Kaiyata on P. I. 2.29 ;
(3 ) The word is used also in
the sense of a musical tone. This
meaning arose out of the second
meaning ‘ accent ’ which itself
arose from the first viz. ' vowel
and it is fully discussed in works
explanatory of the chanting of
Samas. Patanjali has given seven
subdivisions of accents which may
be at the origin of the seven musical
notes. See gjrai above.
a word or Pratipadika
which is exactly similar to a single
vowel such as 3 or a?r or tc and the
lik e ; such svords are to be looked
upon as Avyayas and the case-
affixes after them are dropped when
they are used. cf.
a vowel p a rt; appearance
of a consonant as a vow el; the
character of a vowel borne by a
consonant. Many times a semivowel
which consists of one letter
has to be divided especially for
purposes of metre, as also for
accentuation into two letters or
rather, has to be turned into two
letters by inserting a vowel before
it or after it, for instance ^ is to