dictionary of sanskrit grammar

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( I ) augment ? prefixed, in general, in the case of all roots barring a few roots ending in vowels except s: and and roots etc., to such affixes of non-conjugational tenses and moods as begin with any consonant except §_ and cf. an*r- P. VII. 2.35 to 78 and its exceptions P. VII. 2.8 to 34; {2 ) personal ending of the third person sing. Atm. (1 ) short wording or pratyahara for all vowels except sr and the consonants cf. ?ni: 3: P. VIII. 3.39" also P. VIII. 3.57, 78 ( 2) krt. affix 5 applied to roots such as srg. etc. in the sense of verbal activity, e. g. aqriisi:, sjifa:, anft; cf. P. III. 3, xo8, Vart. 6. ( 1 ) a letter or a group of letters attached to a word which is not seen in actual use in the spoken language; cf. ?a.> Sak. I. 1.5, Hem. 1. x.37. The fg. letters are app'ied to a word before it, or after it, and they have got each of them a purpose in grammar viz. causing or preventing certain grammatical operations in the formation of the complete word. Panini has not given any definition of the word , but he has mentioned when and where the vowels and consonants attached to words are to be understood as 53.; ( cf. t etc. P . I. 3.2 to 8 ) and stated that these letters are to be dropped in actual u se; cf. P. 1. 3.9. It appears that grammarians before Panini had also employed such s3. letters, as is clear from some passages in the Mahabhasya as also from their use in other systems of grammar as also in the Unadi list of affixes, for purposes similar to those found served in Panini’s grammar. Almost all vowels and consonants are used as 69 15. for different purposes and the 5^ letters are applied to roots in the Dhatupatha, nouns in the Gana- patha, as also to affixes, augments and substitutes prescribed in grammar. Only at a few places they are attached to give facility o f pronunciation. Sometimes .the lettersi especially vowels, which are said to be 1^, when uttered as nasalized by Panini, are recognised only by convention; cf. qifa- # n : ( S. K . on P. I. 3.2). The word- Icfj which literally means going away or disappearing, can be explained as a mute indicatory letter, smsr- mi spsir h 1 In Panini’s ' grammar, the mute vowel sr applied to roots indicatesthe placing of the Atmanepada affixes after them, if it be uttered as anudatta and of affixes of both the padas if uttered svarita ; cf. P. I. 3. 12, 72. The mute vowel sn signifies the prevention of before the past part, affixes; cf. P. VII. 2. 16. SimiJarly, the mute vowel 5 signifies the augment \ after the last vowel of the root; cf. P. V II. 1.58 ; f signifies the prevention of the augment f before the past part, affixes . cf. P. VII. 2.14 ; 3 signifies the inclusion of cognate letters; cf. P. I. 1.69, and the optional addition of the augment before cf. P. VII. 2. 56 ; 3R signifies the optional application of the augment ; cf. P. VII. 2.44; sfr signifies the prevention of to the vowel of a root before the causal affix, cf. V II. 4.2 ; signifies the Vikarana in the Aorist cf. P. III. 1.55 ; K signifies the prevention of Vrddhi in the Aorist, cf. P. V II. 2.55 ; art signifies the substitution of ^ for of the past part, cf. P. VIII. 2.45 ; f signifies the prevention of and ffe, cf. P. I a
i.g ; ^ signifies the addition of the "augment and the shortening of the preceding vow el; cf. P. VI. 3. 65-66; n, signifies the prevention of got and ffs, cf. P. L 1.5;
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A DICTIONARY OF SANSKRIT GRAMMAR By
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FOREWORD The first edition of "A Di
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I! s p r w fa n n j r r c . m < $ m
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Object of this Dictionary INTRODUCT
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xi Jayaditya, Vamana, Kaiyata, Hara
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HINTS FO R THE USE O F THIS D IC TI
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Padamanjari=Padamafijan, a commenta
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A Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar ®
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spfjfsw 3 and arfrsRoij stated with
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improperly which does not serve ■
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cf. sgsfsr: Kat. II. 1.8; st^ s^kr:
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specially mentioned as not interfer
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called ade£a. This full representa
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Panini in gtj^li'a^r: ( P. V II. 2.
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15 P. I. 4.56. Many times the limit
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*\ a grammarian who wrote a comment
Page 34 and 35: III. i.4, V II. 2.io, V II. 4.9. Th
Page 36 and 37: occurring before as well as after a
Page 38 and 39: 23 SffllfK: P. 1. 2.29-31, T. Pr. I
Page 40 and 41: varieties of it such as ftiK , 5jgR
Page 42 and 43: sjsJJS said afterwards, generally i
Page 44 and 45: 29 nical term ) as a cause of its a
Page 46 and 47: upon the sense conveyed by them, 1(
Page 48 and 49: Ricgf ^ ew il# *#aif?r | M. Bh. on
Page 50 and 51: arqterrafe 35 army Rlfef prescribin
Page 52 and 53: second member, is absorbed into the
Page 54 and 55: SWT? 39 (2 ) a significant term for
Page 56 and 57: termed Pratipadika, and no case- af
Page 58 and 59: 3^RRr< when the vowel, which posses
Page 60 and 61: according to Tait.- Pr. while, it i
Page 62 and 63: Slfw? 47 srfqqfs# qgl vtqf?r M. Bh.
Page 64 and 65: meeting or an accidental circumstan
Page 66 and 67: zmm'm 51 absence of a syntactical c
Page 68 and 69: untoned; a word without an - accent
Page 70 and 71: and becoming while nouns ( aTOft) h
Page 72 and 73: 3JFE?l4%rfPf 57 given as “ f?nsFq
Page 74 and 75: ehaves like the original” P.I.1.5
Page 76 and 77: suPi 61 3r!
Page 78 and 79: fjpfcpi; cf. '^KFcrrft Ath. Pr. II.
Page 80 and 81: 65 a short gloss on the Sutras of P
Page 82 and 83: srwsr 67 3TORT nearest, most proxim
Page 86 and 87: a grammatical operation caused by i
Page 88 and 89: substitute for the last ? before a
Page 90 and 91: f% i; ( a root) possessed of long f
Page 92 and 93: ^ 77 grammatical work Sisyahitavrtt
Page 94 and 95: one by Ram atarkavagiia or Rama- £
Page 96 and 97: not consistent with what is taught
Page 98 and 99: eferred t o ; pointed out, subject,
Page 100 and 101: cf. stTO s r ^ Pari. Selch. on Pari
Page 102 and 103: manyu was an ancient sage who wrote
Page 104 and 105: la stated that prefixes express a s
Page 106 and 107: see 3TFer; the word is generally fo
Page 108 and 109: ( i ) substitute for % , ending of
Page 110 and 111: s?£3T?F?lf^ 95 a class of words he
Page 112 and 113: short vowel which measures one matr
Page 114 and 115: the continuous utterance of Vedic s
Page 116 and 117: ir ^ t lO'l s ia : Kas. on P. IV. 2
Page 118 and 119: to form the word cf. =?3Sim l^fi P.
Page 120 and 121: ariW^TFi^ subsequently stated by -
Page 122 and 123: TOf&iWlfSt a Jain grammarian who wr
Page 124 and 125: Bh. on I. 2. 32; cf. also sigsnrwiw
Page 126 and 127: I l l in the nominative case. e.g.
Page 128 and 129: which is referred to in the Panini
Page 130 and 131: 115 present. Its last chapter ( Cat
Page 132 and 133: a commentary? on Durgasimha’s Kat
Page 134 and 135:
The verse portion of the Karakaca-
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time which is called rjRl or lit. m
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Literature added to roots ending in
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the sRwfasrH?? named Parsadavya- kh
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ffoflT artificial; technical, as op
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__________ acted as Jf#r Or light,
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the root, e g . w «gfsrr; cf. P. I
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writer of the,Padapatha is to follo
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m ., etc. under certain conditions;
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* glottis ’ or the hole of the th
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and who lived in the twelfth centur
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141 1 wit cf, qfrqi^ Par. Sek. Pari
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term in Panini’s grammar standing
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known grammatical treatises such 14
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vowel of the root, is added in the
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ases ending in sr; cf. P. IV. i. 2
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^ a Vikarana affix of the aorist su
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form from the root ^ in the sense o
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name of a commentary on the Paribha
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157 ^ the second consonant of the p
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wrote a sort of refutation of Bhatt
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the view that mrfir, or genus only,
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See above. The Jaumara Vyakarana ha
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165 which f_ is changed into the co
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a® 167 . -®t and f under certain
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The tad. affix is added as a genera
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the word m ; e.g. qg: cf. P. V. 3.9
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the vowel ?, excepting 5 of the tad
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ending witb qgs; is repeated to con
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177 cf. KaS. on P. IV. 3.105; (8 )
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335!* 179 ■5! of the past pass. p
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1 181 of eRsriwr is not desirable,
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IV . 1.92 etc. The word is also exp
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185 ians just like a Paribhasa; cf.
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a class of compound words headed by
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a class of roots headed by the root
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Somayarya and ( b ) the ' Vaidika-.
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is found used in connection with a
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tad. affix *r^ in the sense of (man
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197 name of a commentary on Kondabh
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or also. A work on Paribhasas named
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v fc ? a Jain grammarian of the 13t
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as one thing differing from another
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cbmpound e.g. qgira*r«tt or ( c) h
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sw a? preceptor of Bopadeva. He wro
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Dame of a commentary on the Kavikal
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f 211 and old grammar works; cf. ft
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as and referred to in the same way,
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‘W capable of being cerebralized.
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^ ^ 1 3 a denominative root; the te
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WTvT I HffifcfT *l#cT I W ^HlpTT *t
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#prm 2 2 l followed by almost all l
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possessed of no mute indicatory let
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fMl&P ( i ) productive, as opposed
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cf. P. V II. 1.54; (2 ) to the affi
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ule which has got some exceptions,
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the fifth consonant of the five cla
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----- q ^ 5 ( V . Pr. III. 2 ) as c
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which is believed to have been base
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i n as the sense is technically ter
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upon as a part for purposes of acce
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a very brief commentary on the Pari
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244 behind the eyes, unnoticed by t
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71335 246 7133) ( I ) or SoppRtrre?
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as shown by his definition ‘ If t
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a fggjf work of the White Yajnrveda
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3 short term for the labial consona
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the rule prescribing the term p f i
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. pound, which hence is defined as
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- explained as by the writer of the
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word; e.g. the restoration of the r
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stood as an independent accent by t
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1.43. The word srfgfte which is gen
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^m^i 266 to affixes when they are p
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V ait 3, also cf. Katantra I. 4.1 a
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m -8, also on P. III. 1.94 Vart. 3
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STff% ( i ) application^ or present
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. : natural, which can be so ordina
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sfiTW, sisqjj, efernr, f ^ , 9 RTH,
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iDg of the noun ( under discussion
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5rtejT^tWt&8T 280 on Grammar and th
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^ [B U R N E L L , D r.] a European
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- multisyllabled, a word which cont
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descendant; e.g. qtcfq:, qifli: etc
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3# name of an old grammarian who is
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Brahmaija, as is generally believed
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- - time around Thirteenth century
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loth, n th and 12th centuries. The
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Panini’s Astadhyayi as it begins
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¥=1T^DI 298 cf. wftoi ^WlFt 1 Vaj.
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irspTiwr lit. fallen in the middle;
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m z 302 TTfiJiicnr IV. 3.92) added
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carelessly. The available commentar
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and Kaundinya should serve, the lat
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A - ; has been lengthened by Vrddhi
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( sfter) out of which the TKItT is
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affix is sometimes dropped; cf. q§
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mean 314 sound intervening between
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316 ( i ) proper, appropriate, just
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jr w r t). The affix is not applied
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V III. 2.70; ( 3 ) the consonant ^
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tflt. augment x inserted after the
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vyakarana, who in turn is commented
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cf. P. VIII. 4.67 ; (3 ) substitute
Page 343 and 344:
W l one of the eight modes of Vedic
Page 345 and 346:
— f t 330 as different from that
Page 347 and 348:
are used along with the verbal form
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the acute accent for the vowel imme
Page 351 and 352:
conditions, the affixes fir, w.*, 3
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n stands at the beginning of a word
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also and irNfonryisft. The work tin
Page 357 and 358:
transposition of letters; cf. qojsj
Page 359 and 360:
344 or ^ gingival, produced at the
Page 361 and 362:
" JI =5 s ^ fc r 1 M. Bh. on P. I.
Page 363 and 364:
, 3183 yana is likely to be the sam
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s^Fcr: qgfatftoi 1% mft?- €K: Rff
Page 367 and 368:
with another in the utterance; cf.
Page 369 and 370:
fe’gpr examination, question or t
Page 371 and 372:
tad. affix f ^ . See the word fl^ .
Page 373 and 374:
etc. cf. ft'TTcTT M. Bh. on P. V II
Page 375 and 376:
f§P&ST9 ^n3
Page 377 and 378:
■ near each other; cf. ^OTfciFcrc
Page 379 and 380:
_ learned commentaries on the wor k
Page 381 and 382:
tfH. and others, and to the roots ^
Page 383 and 384:
• - iRra$n s'TH; cf. M. Bh. on P.
Page 385 and 386:
370 name of that section of Bhatfoj
Page 387 and 388:
- Tf^m , (2 ) ^ f s r , ( 3 )g« r
Page 389 and 390:
any confusion, say confusion of one
Page 391 and 392:
SWTFT 376 - I M. Bh. on P. III. 3.8
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a gloss on the Sutras of Panini wri
Page 395 and 396:
- instrument of the production of s
Page 397 and 398:
capacity which combines %sRsr with
Page 399 and 400:
^ftfq=ST Vakyapadlya, I. I ; cf. al
Page 401 and 402:
' tioned features. Patafijaji has b
Page 403 and 404:
class of letters beginning with ^ i
Page 405 and 406:
a treatise on the theory of sri'^w
Page 407 and 408:
(gre?
Page 409 and 410:
given in the Prakriya Kaumudi and w
Page 411 and 412:
sfNianTH 396 «rrf%oi M. Bh. on P.
Page 413 and 414:
hasya on I. 1.57. The name Sva- bhu
Page 415 and 416:
is frequently used b y grammarians;
Page 417 and 418:
has already been added as also to t
Page 419 and 420:
i____ s w t Some quotations only ar
Page 421 and 422:
which are so placed, coalesce toget
Page 423 and 424:
elative term ; the . term refers to
Page 425 and 426:
tio n ; cf. w-w 1 ' ^WI'fiftsKRRffa
Page 427 and 428:
accent which prevails by the remova
Page 429 and 430:
tive case by ancient grammarians an
Page 431 and 432:
gs^BgTRifSi R. Pr. I. ir . cf. also
Page 433 and 434:
^ and which means the anticipation
Page 435 and 436:
indiscriminately ; an application i
Page 437 and 438:
Sfr t t f w qlfiStf. R. Pr. X III.
Page 439 and 440:
. 33: m fllt l M.Bh. on P. VI. 1.70
Page 441 and 442:
426 the celebrated Vedic scholar an
Page 443 and 444:
many times of use in cases .of doub
Page 445 and 446:
430 a term used in connection with
Page 447 and 448:
mentioned above are termed roots by
Page 449 and 450:
2.18. Vart. 4, M,' Bh. On II. schoo
Page 451 and 452:
to be established, to be brought ab
Page 453 and 454:
an authoritive dictum of an ancient
Page 455 and 456:
. be turned into ^ e. g. in Jpspft,
Page 457 and 458:
^ si- 442 are to be understood and
Page 459 and 460:
’ commented on many’ grammar- w
Page 461 and 462:
name of a commentary written by a g
Page 463:
H?ra5?I55lli0ffiffxr a short gloss
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