Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

show KAI-IV . 351 Furthermore, the ethnic also appears as kapu in Oscan inscriptions
dating from the third century BC. 352 Capua was perhaps originally called Campua,
which might have rapidly changed in Greek and Oscan to Capua. Second, the
Cainpani appear in the accounts of the Latin, Samnite and Hannibalic wars, possibly
to denote the army of a population larger than that of the civic territory of the city of
Capua, perhaps members of a military alliance. Third, the name Campania appears in
Greek and Roman writers from the second century BC to denote the geographical
region, including coastal as well as inland cities. 353
Apart from Capua, several other Campanian communities minted coins in the
period between 420 and 380 BC. The following ethnics appear on coins: Cumae,
Neapolis, Hyria, Nola, Fistelia, Allifae and Fenserni. Cumae, Neapolis, Nola, Capua
and Allifae were independent urban-based communities, but the locations of Hyria,
Fistelia and the Fenserni are unknown. The vast majority of the coins of these
communities bear a man-faced bull as reverse type with wide variations of themes on
their obverses. Rutter established die-transferences between the coins of Capua and
those of Cumae and Neapolis, which were two well-known centres of minting during
the fifth century BC. 354 Rutter argued that the Samnite occupation of Cumae resulted
in the decrease of its coin output and later probably the transferral of its mint to
Naples around 420 BC, as changes in the Neapolitan iconography of that period
suggest. 355 It is therefore probable that the coins were minted at Naples for Capua.
Rutter also found that the Capuan coinage shared dies with most of the coins of other
351
Frederiksen (1984) 138; Rutter (2001) nr. 476-8 and 479-510.
352
ST Cp 33,34 and 35. They will be studied in section 3.3.
353 Diod. Sic. 16.90.2 or Livy 8.1.9 just to mention a few.
354 Rutter (1979) 82.
355
Rutter (1979) 96.
103