Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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We have twenty-six iüvilas inscriptions altogether, sixteen of which are made of terracotta, ten of tufa. 427 It is believed that the tufa inscriptions are more recent than the terracotta ones. Conway, on the basis of phonetic and morphological differences and changes in the forms of letters, divided the inscriptions into three chronological groups. He compared these groups to the forms of letters on legends of coins minted for Capua, Atella and Calatia, apparently between 268 and 211 BC. Thus Conway argued that the earliest group of inscriptions was inscribed well before 268 BC, probably in the second half of the fourth century BC, the second group not long before 268, and the most recent group soon after this date, in the second half of the third century BC. Buck argued that the earliest inscriptions, the ones which lack the i and ü, were inscribed at the end of the fourth century BC, while most of the inscriptions come from the third century BC428. Heurgon and Franchi de Bellis accepted Conway's groups, with slight corrections, and although they found it difficult to date the groups, they made no drastic changes to Conway's absolute chronology. 429 The inscriptions can be therefore divided into the following chronological groups: 430 1. second part of fourth century BC: ST Cp 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, 17,19. 2. end of fourth century, beginning of third century BC: ST Cp 18,20,21,22, 23,26,35. 3. Third century: ST Cp 24,25,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34. 427 Terracotta ones: ST Cp 8-25, tufa ones are: ST Cp 27-35. 428 Buck (1904) 247. 429 Heurgon (1942a) 39-46 cites more recent studies, which suggest that the Capua, Atella and Calatia minted coins probably only after they revolted from Rome, between 216 and 211, which makes it difficult to date Conway's groups. Heurgon argued that the forms of letters of the oldest inscriptions resemble coins minted by Fistelia from the first half of the fourth century. On some of the terracotta tiles by the side of the text female heads were stamped. Heurgon points out the similarities between these heads and antefixes from the mid-fourth century BC. 430 Franchi de Bellis (1981) 28. 118
The meaning of the word iüvilas is disputed. A commonly accepted view is that the term is etymologically related to Jupiter. Both words derive from the common Indo- European stem dien-. The form diüvila appears in the terracotta inscriptions, thought to be older; the word iüvila is used in the later texts on tufa. h vilas inscriptions were set up for one person or several members of the same gens, and in one case a iirvila was put up for Jupiter Flagius 431 Inscriptions occasionally refer to their location: by the gates, in the (sacred) grove, in the vicinity, which suggests that the izivilas was a separate object and not the inscription itself. 432 Bücheler believed that they were `res ad lovem pertinentes', while Altheim went further in suggesting that they were images of Jupiter on stelae, like those of Zeus Meilichios at the sanctuary of Selinunte. 433 Heurgon argued that they were votive statues and Pisani thought that they were altars 434 Franchi de Bellis considered them to have been little columns or stelae. 435 The inscriptions on terracotta form a coherent group. The texts were often inscribed on both sides of the stelae, and on all the inscriptions which survive complete figures appear next to the texts: a head of female divinity, one or more cakes and a boar. One of the terracotta inscriptions mentions a magistrate, ST Cp 24; I will return to the others in section 3.4. on the elite families of Capua, with the one tufa inscription, ST Cp 26, which does not mention a magistrate. The following ten iüvilas inscriptions, all but one tufa, mention magistrates of Capua: ST Cp 24,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34, and 35. Their content follows the 431 ST Cp 25. 432 ST Cp 24 and 35. 433 Bücheler (1874) 609 and Altheim (1931) 64. 434 Heurgon (1942a) 47-53 and Pisani (1953) 74. 119
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Leadership among the Samnites and r
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Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
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6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
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Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
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Chapter 2 looks at what the account
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unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
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dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
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narrowed the meaning of touta down
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tuticus was consequently an urban o
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2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
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century BC and the Social War. 53 F
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esurrected by the Pentri in second
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their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
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that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
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that the Romans had rebuilt the des
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Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
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the name of the place to Italia. He
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2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
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southernmost part of the fourth reg
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We must, however, ask whether the a
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dated to the end of the fourth or b
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heartland as being heavily fortifie
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Remains of buildings and associated
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were scattered over the area of the
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the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
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the region. 183 Livy uses the term
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and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
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Samnium, partly because the visible
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Another surge in building activity
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site was abandoned after the war. O
Page 67 and 68: It is generally accepted that the w
Page 69 and 70: Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
Page 71 and 72: i still left with the question of w
Page 73 and 74: three stamps in which the name of t
Page 75 and 76: second Stabidinus is plausibly the
Page 77 and 78: the first half of the second centur
Page 79 and 80: pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
Page 81 and 82: .ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
Page 83 and 84: pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
Page 85 and 86: the Samnites during the Samnite and
Page 87 and 88: Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
Page 89 and 90: Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
Page 91 and 92: produced a magister for the Samnite
Page 93 and 94: 2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
Page 95: fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
Page 98 and 99: Although they suggest that the medd
Page 100 and 101: Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
Page 102 and 103: Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
Page 104 and 105: Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
Page 106 and 107: BC, after the final defeat of the L
Page 108 and 109: supervise the introduction of new r
Page 110 and 111: settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
Page 112 and 113: Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
Page 114 and 115: Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
Page 116 and 117: undermined, however, by several fac
Page 120 and 121: same structure: the name or names o
Page 122 and 123: [These three are the iüvilas] of P
Page 124 and 125: inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
Page 126 and 127: The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
Page 128 and 129: ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
Page 130 and 131: ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
Page 132 and 133: Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
Page 134 and 135: Triphius Virrius, were probably put
Page 136 and 137: Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
Page 138 and 139: were established in the city, but t
Page 140 and 141: The main source of information for
Page 142 and 143: 4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
Page 144 and 145: It is difficult to know where exact
Page 146 and 147: earlier Greek agora, the later foru
Page 148 and 149: still contained Greek elements. 533
Page 150 and 151: Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
Page 152 and 153: own magistrates, but was represente
Page 154 and 155: Modern interpretations of the expre
Page 156 and 157: Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
Page 158 and 159: Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
Page 160 and 161: the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
Page 162 and 163: Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
Page 164 and 165: Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
Page 166 and 167: with the late period of the Hyrina
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5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
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Romans held censuses every five yea
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Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
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written out in full. Rather, I thin
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amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
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Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
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name and his office (all dative sin
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a number of scholars, I do not beli
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Out of the three gens names of the
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towns. Literary sources mention dis
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1. He argued that the expression r6
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investigated whether this ethnic re
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mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
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the wars ended with the town being
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and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
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fighting on several fronts, in Apul
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admission, so they made their way t
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loose federation of settlements he
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Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
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late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
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v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
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possibility is that they are the ow
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fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
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supply uninterrupted and to give ga
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appears on the altar found in templ
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6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
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1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
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urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
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meaning `goings'. He supposed that
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the Latin noun fama, with the meani
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4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
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since the programmata were not noti
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quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
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makes sense only if they were votin
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of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
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Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
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6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
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of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
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Most of the coins with the legend a
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6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
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story, recorded in local traditions
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supposed confederation the members
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structures. 848 The known instituti
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they were probably filled by electi
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title. My investigation has led to
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emarkably wider than in the Greek w
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In chapters three to six, I have su
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Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
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Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
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Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
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Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
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Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
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De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
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Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
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Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
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Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
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Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
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Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
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Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
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Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
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Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
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italica, Atli del convegno della So
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Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
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Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
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Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
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Maps 298
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zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
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1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
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A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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