Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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the name of the town. 566 Justin, who epitomized the Philippic Histories of Pompeius Trogus, asks rhetorically 'are surely not ... the Nolans and Abellans colonies of the Chalcidians? '567 The inhabitants of Chalcis in Euboia are thought to have been the founders of Cumae and Naples. We may suppose that authors of imperial times were happy to attribute Greek founders to settlements in the neighbourhood of important Greek cities. It is true that a great number of Ionic cups and black-figured vases have been found in Nolan tombs, but they are probably due to the contacts of the town with the coastal Greek cities, rather than evidence for a substantial Greek community. 568 Velleius Paterculus attributes the foundation of Nola to the Etruscans. 569 Polybius also mentions that the Etruscans were the first inhabitants of the Phlegraean fields near Capua and Nola. 570 Other ancient sources attribute an Etruscan origin to the cities of Capua, Nola, Surrentum, Pompeii and Herculaneum. The material provided by the Ronga necropolis, one of the necropoleis situated north of Nola, covers most of the historical period of the town. 71 The earliest tombs date from the third quarter of the seventh century BC. Finds include imported bucchero pottery, typical Etrusco- Corinthian ceramic material from the orientalizing period, also found in Latium and Etruria, and their local imitations, Italo-geometric vases, numerous fibulae and belts. The material culture of this necropolis reveals close affinities with the finds in tombs at Capua, and also with the finds at Pontecagnano and Vico Equense of the same period 572 566 Sil. Ital. 12.161. The dates are deduced from the traditional dating found in Livy, who also describes Marcellus' campaigns in Campania and Apulia. 567 Just. 20.1.13. 568 Mustilli (1962)182. 569 Velleius Paterculus 1.7.2: 570 Polyb. 2.17. 57 Bonghi Jovino-Donceel (1969). 572 Frederiksen (1971) 206. 160
Hecataeus in the late sixth century BC suggests that Nola was an Ausonian town 573 Several ancient sources imply that most of southern Italy was populated by an Italic population of some kind before the arrival of the Etruscans. 574 The foundation history of Abella is less colourful. Servius says that the first inhabitants of the town were Greeks, although the city was founded by the mythical king Muranus. 575 All these passages describe the region as ethnically diverse. Our literary sources do not record when the Samnite occupation of the two towns occurred, but it probably happened in the second part of the fifth century, as was the case with most of the Campanian cities. Nola acquired its name from the Samnites, for Nola means `New Town' in Oscan. The Ronga necropolis does not reveal an interruption or impoverishment of the tombs in the period following the presumed Samnite occupation. In historical accounts, Nola first figures in an incident involving Naples on the eve of the Second Samnite war. The accounts of Dionysius Halicarnassus and Livy are somewhat confused. Dionysius mentions the arrival of Tarentine and Nolan ambassadors at Naples in 327 BC. 576 In this period, the Samnites and Romans were competing to secure as much support in Campania as possible. The Tarentine support of the Samnites towards the end of the 330s BC allowed the latter to put more pressure on the Volscian area and to gain support among the Campanian towns, - probably including Nola. The Tarentine and Nolan legates went to Naples to prevent the city from forming an alliance with Rome. The atrocities 'committed against the Romans dwelling in the districts of Campania and Falerii' by the inhabitants of Palaeopolis culminated in war between 373 Hecataeus fr. 28 FGrH. Beloch (1890) 389 was puzzled by this passage, because he thought that Campania was more likely to have been inhabited by the Etruscans or Greeks in the author's time. 574 Aristotle Pol. 1329b 18; Antiochus in Strabo 5.4.3; Livy 8.15.16. Polyb 34.11.7. 575 lust. 20.1.13; Serv. 7.790. 576 Dion. Hal. 15.5.2. 161
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Leadership among the Samnites and r
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Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
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6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
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Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
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Chapter 2 looks at what the account
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unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
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dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
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narrowed the meaning of touta down
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tuticus was consequently an urban o
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2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
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century BC and the Social War. 53 F
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esurrected by the Pentri in second
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their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
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that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
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that the Romans had rebuilt the des
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Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
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the name of the place to Italia. He
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2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
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southernmost part of the fourth reg
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We must, however, ask whether the a
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dated to the end of the fourth or b
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heartland as being heavily fortifie
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Remains of buildings and associated
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were scattered over the area of the
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the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
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the region. 183 Livy uses the term
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and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
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Samnium, partly because the visible
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Another surge in building activity
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site was abandoned after the war. O
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It is generally accepted that the w
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Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
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i still left with the question of w
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three stamps in which the name of t
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second Stabidinus is plausibly the
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the first half of the second centur
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pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
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.ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
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pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
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the Samnites during the Samnite and
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Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
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Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
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produced a magister for the Samnite
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2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
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fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
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Although they suggest that the medd
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Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
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Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
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Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
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BC, after the final defeat of the L
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supervise the introduction of new r
Page 110 and 111: settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
Page 112 and 113: Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
Page 114 and 115: Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
Page 116 and 117: undermined, however, by several fac
Page 118 and 119: We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
Page 120 and 121: same structure: the name or names o
Page 122 and 123: [These three are the iüvilas] of P
Page 124 and 125: inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
Page 126 and 127: The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
Page 128 and 129: ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
Page 130 and 131: ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
Page 132 and 133: Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
Page 134 and 135: Triphius Virrius, were probably put
Page 136 and 137: Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
Page 138 and 139: were established in the city, but t
Page 140 and 141: The main source of information for
Page 142 and 143: 4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
Page 144 and 145: It is difficult to know where exact
Page 146 and 147: earlier Greek agora, the later foru
Page 148 and 149: still contained Greek elements. 533
Page 150 and 151: Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
Page 152 and 153: own magistrates, but was represente
Page 154 and 155: Modern interpretations of the expre
Page 156 and 157: Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
Page 158 and 159: Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
Page 162 and 163: Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
Page 164 and 165: Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
Page 166 and 167: with the late period of the Hyrina
Page 168 and 169: 5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
Page 170 and 171: Romans held censuses every five yea
Page 172 and 173: Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
Page 174 and 175: written out in full. Rather, I thin
Page 176 and 177: amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
Page 178 and 179: Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
Page 180 and 181: name and his office (all dative sin
Page 182 and 183: a number of scholars, I do not beli
Page 184 and 185: Out of the three gens names of the
Page 186 and 187: towns. Literary sources mention dis
Page 188 and 189: 1. He argued that the expression r6
Page 190 and 191: investigated whether this ethnic re
Page 192 and 193: mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
Page 194 and 195: the wars ended with the town being
Page 196 and 197: and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
Page 198 and 199: fighting on several fronts, in Apul
Page 200 and 201: admission, so they made their way t
Page 202 and 203: loose federation of settlements he
Page 204 and 205: Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
Page 206 and 207: late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
Page 208 and 209: v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
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possibility is that they are the ow
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fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
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supply uninterrupted and to give ga
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appears on the altar found in templ
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6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
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1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
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urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
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meaning `goings'. He supposed that
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the Latin noun fama, with the meani
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4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
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since the programmata were not noti
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quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
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makes sense only if they were votin
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of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
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Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
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6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
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of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
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Most of the coins with the legend a
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6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
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story, recorded in local traditions
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supposed confederation the members
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structures. 848 The known instituti
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they were probably filled by electi
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title. My investigation has led to
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emarkably wider than in the Greek w
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In chapters three to six, I have su
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Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
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Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
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Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
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Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
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Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
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De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
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Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
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Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
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Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
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Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
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Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
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Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
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Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
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Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
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italica, Atli del convegno della So
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Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
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Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
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Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
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Maps 298
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zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
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1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
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A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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