Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 589 According to Strabo, Pompeii functioned as a port for Nola, Nuceria and Acerrae, but the passage probably refers to his own day. 590 Nola joined the Italic allies against Rome in the Social War and was who, in around 80 BC, established a veteran colony in its territory. besieged by Sulla, In conclusion, literary sources for the Samnite Wars and the Second Punic War are mainly concerned with Nola's relation with Rome. What comes through the literary evidence is Nola's unquestionable importance in the region, especially in the Second Punic War, when it accommodated a Roman garrison and provided a base for military operations against other Campanian settlements under the control of Hannibal. We hardly hear about Abella, except for its nuts, but it does not follow that it was because the town was subordinated to Nola. 591 Nothing can be gleaned from the sources about the extent of the territories of these cities and very little about their political organization. 5.3. Coins Coins showing the name of Nola appeared at an early date. Some 170 didrachms survive which bear the city's name. 592 They are related through iconographic similarities to the more than 360 didrachms, found in scattered hoards in Campania, which bear variations of the legend Hyrina. 593 Both ethnics appear in the Oscan script, often mixed with Greek 589 Livy 23.15.3 - 6. 590 Strabo 5.4. S. 59' Cato De Agr, 8.2.5; 133.2.4; Celsus De Agr. Fr. 30 line 8. 592 Rutter (1979) 60-80 the coins show the legend NQAAI )N 593 Legends (left to right) HVPIETES AS; YDINA; YDINA; YPINA; YPINAI; YDINAI; YIDINA; YDIANOE; YDNVA; VDNAI; VDINA; VDINAI; (right to left) ANIDY; VNIDY; ANIDY; NIDS; ANEDY; ANIPY; ANIDY; DNIDY; ANIDV; ANIDV; DNIDV; 164
letters. Friedländer's view that Hyrina was the older name of Nola has been rejected, and today it is accepted that the location of this town cannot be ascertained. 594 Rutter distinguished several phases in the minting of coins of Nola and Hyrina. On the obverses of the earlier Hyrina coins, the head of Athena appears wearing a helmet and occasionally with an owl. On later coins, a female head appears with a necklace, her hair freely flowing out of a polos (head dress) decorated with griffins; she is identified as Hera Lakinia. The latest coins bear either the head of Athena or a young female head. The earliest obverses of the Nolan coins show the same head of Athena, with helmet and owl, while the latest coins from the town show almost exclusively the same young female head as the Hyrina coins. All reverses show a man-headed bull, sometimes with Victoria flying above to crown him. Rutter argued that the man-headed bull should be identified with the river-god Achelous. 595 The first centre of coin production in Campania was Cumae, beginning in the first quarter of the fifth century BC. When the Samnites occupied Cumae, production moved to Naples. 596 There was a general increase in coin production in Campania from the late fifth century BC when the coinage of Samnite communities, some of whose names are known only from coins, appeared. 597 Both Greek and Samnite coinages followed the iconography and weight-system of Cumae and Naples. Significant similarities of style and metal content between the coins of Naples issued from 420 BC and the coins of Nola and Hyrina have been recognized. Rutter dated the coinage of Hyrina to the last decade of the fifth century BC. 598 The first Nolan coins were struck contemporaneously 594 Friedlander (1850) 36. 595 Rutter (1969) 24-8. 596 Rutter (1979) 96. See section 4.2. 597 The ethnics Hyrina, Fenserni, Fistelian are known only from coins, their exact location cannot be ascertained. 598 Rutter (1969) 72 and 99. 165
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Leadership among the Samnites and r
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Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
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6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
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Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
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Chapter 2 looks at what the account
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unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
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dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
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narrowed the meaning of touta down
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tuticus was consequently an urban o
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2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
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century BC and the Social War. 53 F
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esurrected by the Pentri in second
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their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
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that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
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that the Romans had rebuilt the des
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Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
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the name of the place to Italia. He
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2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
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southernmost part of the fourth reg
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We must, however, ask whether the a
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dated to the end of the fourth or b
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heartland as being heavily fortifie
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Remains of buildings and associated
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were scattered over the area of the
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the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
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the region. 183 Livy uses the term
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and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
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Samnium, partly because the visible
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Another surge in building activity
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site was abandoned after the war. O
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It is generally accepted that the w
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Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
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i still left with the question of w
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three stamps in which the name of t
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second Stabidinus is plausibly the
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the first half of the second centur
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pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
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.ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
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pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
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the Samnites during the Samnite and
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Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
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Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
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produced a magister for the Samnite
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2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
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fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
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Although they suggest that the medd
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Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
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Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
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Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
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BC, after the final defeat of the L
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supervise the introduction of new r
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settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
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Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
Page 114 and 115: Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
Page 116 and 117: undermined, however, by several fac
Page 118 and 119: We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
Page 120 and 121: same structure: the name or names o
Page 122 and 123: [These three are the iüvilas] of P
Page 124 and 125: inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
Page 126 and 127: The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
Page 128 and 129: ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
Page 130 and 131: ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
Page 132 and 133: Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
Page 134 and 135: Triphius Virrius, were probably put
Page 136 and 137: Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
Page 138 and 139: were established in the city, but t
Page 140 and 141: The main source of information for
Page 142 and 143: 4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
Page 144 and 145: It is difficult to know where exact
Page 146 and 147: earlier Greek agora, the later foru
Page 148 and 149: still contained Greek elements. 533
Page 150 and 151: Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
Page 152 and 153: own magistrates, but was represente
Page 154 and 155: Modern interpretations of the expre
Page 156 and 157: Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
Page 158 and 159: Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
Page 160 and 161: the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
Page 162 and 163: Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
Page 166 and 167: with the late period of the Hyrina
Page 168 and 169: 5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
Page 170 and 171: Romans held censuses every five yea
Page 172 and 173: Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
Page 174 and 175: written out in full. Rather, I thin
Page 176 and 177: amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
Page 178 and 179: Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
Page 180 and 181: name and his office (all dative sin
Page 182 and 183: a number of scholars, I do not beli
Page 184 and 185: Out of the three gens names of the
Page 186 and 187: towns. Literary sources mention dis
Page 188 and 189: 1. He argued that the expression r6
Page 190 and 191: investigated whether this ethnic re
Page 192 and 193: mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
Page 194 and 195: the wars ended with the town being
Page 196 and 197: and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
Page 198 and 199: fighting on several fronts, in Apul
Page 200 and 201: admission, so they made their way t
Page 202 and 203: loose federation of settlements he
Page 204 and 205: Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
Page 206 and 207: late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
Page 208 and 209: v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
Page 210 and 211: possibility is that they are the ow
Page 212 and 213: fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
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supply uninterrupted and to give ga
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appears on the altar found in templ
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6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
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1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
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urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
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meaning `goings'. He supposed that
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the Latin noun fama, with the meani
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4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
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since the programmata were not noti
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quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
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makes sense only if they were votin
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of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
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Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
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6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
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of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
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Most of the coins with the legend a
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6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
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story, recorded in local traditions
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supposed confederation the members
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structures. 848 The known instituti
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they were probably filled by electi
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title. My investigation has led to
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emarkably wider than in the Greek w
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In chapters three to six, I have su
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Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
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Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
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Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
Page 268 and 269:
Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
Page 270 and 271:
Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
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De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
Page 274 and 275:
Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
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Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
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Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
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Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
Page 282 and 283:
Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
Page 284 and 285:
Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
Page 286 and 287:
Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
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Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
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italica, Atli del convegno della So
Page 292 and 293:
Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
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Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
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Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
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Maps 298
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zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
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1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
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A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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