Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone: La casa, le tombe e il sacello', Samnium (Rome, 1991) 121-6. Di Niro, A., I culto di Ercole tra i Sanniti Pentri e Frentani (Pietro Laveglia, 1977). Di Niro, A., Ìnsediamenti di epoca sannitica nel territorio circostante la valle del torrente Tappino', Papers of the British School at Rome 61 (1993) 7-49. Elia, 0., Òsservazioni sull'urbanistica di Pompei', Studi sulla cittä antica (Bologna, 1970) 181-90. Esposito, E., Vager Nucerinus: note storiche e topogtafiche, ' Rendiconti Accademici ed Archeologici di Napoli (1984) 221-41. Esposito, E., `La valle del Sarno: use del territorio e viabilitä', Nuceria Alfaterna e il suo territorio I (Nuceria Inferiore, 1994) 111-120. Fabricotti, M., I Sanniti di Abruzzo e Molise, (Chieti, 1984). Faustoferri, A., Lloyd, J., `Monte Pallano: a Samnite Fortified Centre and its Hinterland', Journal of Roman Archaeology 11 (1998) 5-22. Fracchia, H., `Western Lucania, Southern Samnium and Northern Apulia: settlement and cultural changes, fifth-thirds centuries', H. Jones (ed. ) Samnium: Settlement and Cultural Change (Rhode Island, 2004) 69-83. Franchi De Bellis, A., `Capua', Studi Etruschi 42 (1974) 374-7. Franchi De Bellis, A., `Capua Sannita', Popoli e civiltä dell' Italia antica 6 (Rome, 1978), 845-852. Franchi De Bellis, A., Ìl cippo abellano: il santuario di Ercole', Italicf in Magna Grecia. Lingua, insedia, nenti e strutture (Venosa, 1990) 93-7. Franchi De Bellis, A., 11 cippo abellano (Urbino, 1988). Franchi De Bellis, A., 'Intorno al cippo abellano', Impegno e Dialogo 7 (1991) 189- 274
217. Franchi De Bellis, A., Le iovile capuane (Florence, 1981). Franciosi, G., `La Iimitatio nell'ager campanus'. La romanizzazione della Campania antica 1(Naples, 2002) 1-19. Fratta, F., Malpede, V., Del Vertue, L., Ùltimi dati sulle mura settentrionali di Cuma', Annali di Archeologia e Storia Antica, New series 7 (2000) 117-31. Frederiksen, M. W. Campania (Rome, 1984). Frederiksen, M. W. `Campanian cavalry: a Question of Origins', Dialoghi di Archeologia 2 (1968) 3-32. Frederiksen, M. W. `Republican Capua: a social and economic study', Papers of the British School at Rome 27 (1959) 80-125. Frederiksen, M. W. 'Changes in the Patterns of Settlement', Hellenismus in Mittelitalien (Göttingen, 1976) 341-55. Frederiksen, M. W., `Le "gentes" romane e la conquista dell'Italia', Storia della Societä lialiana, vol. 1 Dalla Preistoria alla espansione di Roma (Milan, 1981) 333-76. Frederiksen, M. W., Review of Bonghi Jovino, M., and Donceel, R., La necropoli di Nola preromana, Journal of Hellenic Studies 91 (1971) 206. Fresa, M. P., - Fresa, A., Nuceria Alfaterna in Campania (Naples, 1974). Friedländer, J., Die osckischen Münzen (Leipzig, 1850). Franklin, J., Pompeii: the electoral programmata campaigns and politics, a. C. 71- 79. (Rome, 1980). Gabba, E., Appiano e la scoria delle guerre civili (Florence, 1956). Gabba, E., `La storia dei Sanniti', Clio 5 (1969) 5-16. 275
Page 1 and 2:
Leadership among the Samnites and r
Page 3 and 4:
Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
Page 7 and 8:
6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
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Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
Page 11 and 12:
Chapter 2 looks at what the account
Page 13 and 14:
unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
Page 17 and 18:
dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
Page 19 and 20:
narrowed the meaning of touta down
Page 21 and 22:
tuticus was consequently an urban o
Page 23 and 24:
2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
Page 25 and 26:
century BC and the Social War. 53 F
Page 27 and 28:
esurrected by the Pentri in second
Page 29 and 30:
their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
Page 33 and 34:
that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
Page 35 and 36:
that the Romans had rebuilt the des
Page 37 and 38:
Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
Page 39 and 40:
the name of the place to Italia. He
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2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
Page 43 and 44:
southernmost part of the fourth reg
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We must, however, ask whether the a
Page 47 and 48:
dated to the end of the fourth or b
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heartland as being heavily fortifie
Page 51 and 52:
Remains of buildings and associated
Page 53 and 54:
were scattered over the area of the
Page 55 and 56:
the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
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the region. 183 Livy uses the term
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and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
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Samnium, partly because the visible
Page 63 and 64:
Another surge in building activity
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site was abandoned after the war. O
Page 67 and 68:
It is generally accepted that the w
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Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
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i still left with the question of w
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three stamps in which the name of t
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second Stabidinus is plausibly the
Page 77 and 78:
the first half of the second centur
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pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
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.ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
Page 83 and 84:
pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
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the Samnites during the Samnite and
Page 87 and 88:
Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
Page 89 and 90:
Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
Page 91 and 92:
produced a magister for the Samnite
Page 93 and 94:
2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
Page 95:
fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
Page 98 and 99:
Although they suggest that the medd
Page 100 and 101:
Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
Page 102 and 103:
Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
Page 104 and 105:
Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
Page 106 and 107:
BC, after the final defeat of the L
Page 108 and 109:
supervise the introduction of new r
Page 110 and 111:
settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
Page 112 and 113:
Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
Page 114 and 115:
Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
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undermined, however, by several fac
Page 118 and 119:
We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
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same structure: the name or names o
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[These three are the iüvilas] of P
Page 124 and 125:
inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
Page 126 and 127:
The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
Page 128 and 129:
ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
Page 130 and 131:
ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
Page 132 and 133:
Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
Page 134 and 135:
Triphius Virrius, were probably put
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Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
Page 138 and 139:
were established in the city, but t
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The main source of information for
Page 142 and 143:
4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
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It is difficult to know where exact
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earlier Greek agora, the later foru
Page 148 and 149:
still contained Greek elements. 533
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Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
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own magistrates, but was represente
Page 154 and 155:
Modern interpretations of the expre
Page 156 and 157:
Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
Page 158 and 159:
Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
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the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
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Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
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Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
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with the late period of the Hyrina
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5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
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Romans held censuses every five yea
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Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
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written out in full. Rather, I thin
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amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
Page 178 and 179:
Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
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name and his office (all dative sin
Page 182 and 183:
a number of scholars, I do not beli
Page 184 and 185:
Out of the three gens names of the
Page 186 and 187:
towns. Literary sources mention dis
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1. He argued that the expression r6
Page 190 and 191:
investigated whether this ethnic re
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mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
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the wars ended with the town being
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and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
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fighting on several fronts, in Apul
Page 200 and 201:
admission, so they made their way t
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loose federation of settlements he
Page 204 and 205:
Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
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late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
Page 208 and 209:
v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
Page 210 and 211:
possibility is that they are the ow
Page 212 and 213:
fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
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supply uninterrupted and to give ga
Page 216 and 217:
appears on the altar found in templ
Page 218 and 219:
6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
Page 220 and 221:
1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
Page 222 and 223:
urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
Page 224 and 225: meaning `goings'. He supposed that
Page 226 and 227: the Latin noun fama, with the meani
Page 228 and 229: 4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
Page 230 and 231: since the programmata were not noti
Page 232 and 233: quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
Page 234 and 235: makes sense only if they were votin
Page 236 and 237: of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
Page 238 and 239: Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
Page 240 and 241: 6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
Page 242 and 243: of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
Page 244 and 245: Most of the coins with the legend a
Page 246 and 247: 6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
Page 248 and 249: story, recorded in local traditions
Page 250 and 251: supposed confederation the members
Page 252 and 253: structures. 848 The known instituti
Page 254 and 255: they were probably filled by electi
Page 256 and 257: title. My investigation has led to
Page 258 and 259: emarkably wider than in the Greek w
Page 260 and 261: In chapters three to six, I have su
Page 262 and 263: Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
Page 264 and 265: Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
Page 266 and 267: Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
Page 268 and 269: Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
Page 270 and 271: Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
Page 272 and 273: De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
Page 276 and 277: Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
Page 278 and 279: Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
Page 280 and 281: Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
Page 282 and 283: Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
Page 284 and 285: Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. À Cla
Page 286 and 287: Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
Page 288 and 289: Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
Page 290 and 291: italica, Atli del convegno della So
Page 292 and 293: Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
Page 294 and 295: Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
Page 296 and 297: Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
Page 298 and 299: Maps 298
Page 300 and 301: zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
Page 302 and 303: 1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
Page 304: A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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