Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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a number of scholars, I do not believe that we can come to a firm conclusion on the basis of the available epigraphic evidence. 644 When the evidence is so scarce, we cannot be sure that there were no other magistrates in these towns. The Cippus Abellanus mentions the senates of Nola and Abella twice: first, because each appointed a commission of `legates' to settle the disputed issues about the common sanctuary (side A line 8), and second, because each senate would have to authorize any new building at the sanctuary (side B line 9). The words lfgatüs (nom. plur. ) and ligatüfs (dat/abl. plur. ) are unique to the Cippus, for they appear in no other Oscan text. Clearly the word is adopted from the Latin legatus. 645 We have other derivations from the same stem (lex, leg-), in the Lex Osca Bantina, namely, ligud (abl. sing) and ligis (dat-abl plur. ) meaning `law', and in the Agnone Tablet, Liganakdikef, the name of a divinity. Legates in Rome were appointed by the senate or a magistrate to carry out a particular task. Commissions of ten legati (decemviri) were frequently appointed by the senate from the third century BC on to resolve particular issues: in 204 BC they appointed a delegation to investigate a complaint by the Locrians; 646 in 196 BC ten delegates were sent to assist T. Quinctius Flaminius in drawing up peace terms for Greek states. 7 Delegations normally consisted of senators of different ranks, and sometimes included one or more magistrates in office. The Nolan and Abellan commissions use the Latin term legati and they were also appointed by the senates. These delegations may have consisted of ten men each, but considering that they were much smaller towns, perhaps only four members as in ST Cm 48 and ST Cm 47. 643 Franchi de Bellis (1988) 85. 644 Sartori (1953) 149-51; Campanile in Campanile-Letta (1979) 23; Mazzarino (1992) 246. 645 Camporeale (1956) 61 and Untermann (2000) under ligatüis. 646 Livy 29.16.6. 647 Pol. 1.63.1. Livy 33.24.7 and 34.57.1. 182
5.5. Elite families This section considers what the literary and epigraphic evidence tell us about the composition of the elite at Nola. In the accounts of the Samnite wars, some members of the Nolan leading classes appear by name, Herius Pettius, Herennius Bassius and L. Bantius. 648 A bearer of the name Pettius, Lucius Pettius, appeared as meddix on two iüvilas inscriptions on stone in Capua, and it has been suggested that they were of Etruscan origin. 649 A bearer of the name Bassius also appears in the boundary inscription ST Cm 47, as Minatus Bassius son of Minatus. In the same inscription the praenomen twice appears as gentilicium: Vibius Minatus son of Vibius and Ovius Minatus son of Ovius. The gens of the fourth person in the inscription, Percennius Mamus son of Maraeus, does not appear elsewhere, although Percennius is attested as praenomen in other Oscan-speaking territories. 650 The second boundary inscription, ST Cm 48, provides us with three gens names: Statius, Staius and Calavius. The gens names Statius and Staius are widespread among the Oscan-speaking communities both in Campania and the Central Apennines. The gens Calavia is attested elsewhere in inscriptions: Stenius Calavius son of Trebius, occurs on a curse tablet from Cumae, while Stenius Calavius son of Gavius, is attested to have donated a gold ring to the goddess Angitiae (? ) in Aesernia. 651 The Calavii of Capua already mentioned in detail in the previous section 652 648 Herennius Bassius: Livy 23.43.9 and 23.44.1. Herius Pettius Livy 23.43.9. L. Bantius: 23.15.7. 649 ST Cp 29 and 30. See sections 3.3 and 3.4. 650 Salonries (1987) 75. 651 ST Cm 13; ST Sa 22. 652 Livy 9.7.2; 9.26.7; 23.2.2; 23.8.2-8; 26.27.2. See also section 3.4. 183
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Leadership among the Samnites and r
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Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
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6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
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Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
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Chapter 2 looks at what the account
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unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
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dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
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narrowed the meaning of touta down
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tuticus was consequently an urban o
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2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
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century BC and the Social War. 53 F
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esurrected by the Pentri in second
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their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
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that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
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that the Romans had rebuilt the des
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Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
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the name of the place to Italia. He
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2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
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southernmost part of the fourth reg
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We must, however, ask whether the a
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dated to the end of the fourth or b
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heartland as being heavily fortifie
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Remains of buildings and associated
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were scattered over the area of the
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the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
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the region. 183 Livy uses the term
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and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
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Samnium, partly because the visible
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Another surge in building activity
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site was abandoned after the war. O
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It is generally accepted that the w
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Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
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i still left with the question of w
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three stamps in which the name of t
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second Stabidinus is plausibly the
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the first half of the second centur
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pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
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.ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
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pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
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the Samnites during the Samnite and
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Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
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Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
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produced a magister for the Samnite
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2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
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fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
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Although they suggest that the medd
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Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
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Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
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Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
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BC, after the final defeat of the L
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supervise the introduction of new r
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settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
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Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
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Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
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undermined, however, by several fac
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We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
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same structure: the name or names o
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[These three are the iüvilas] of P
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inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
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The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
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ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
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ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
Page 132 and 133: Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
Page 134 and 135: Triphius Virrius, were probably put
Page 136 and 137: Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
Page 138 and 139: were established in the city, but t
Page 140 and 141: The main source of information for
Page 142 and 143: 4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
Page 144 and 145: It is difficult to know where exact
Page 146 and 147: earlier Greek agora, the later foru
Page 148 and 149: still contained Greek elements. 533
Page 150 and 151: Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
Page 152 and 153: own magistrates, but was represente
Page 154 and 155: Modern interpretations of the expre
Page 156 and 157: Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
Page 158 and 159: Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
Page 160 and 161: the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
Page 162 and 163: Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
Page 164 and 165: Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
Page 166 and 167: with the late period of the Hyrina
Page 168 and 169: 5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
Page 170 and 171: Romans held censuses every five yea
Page 172 and 173: Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
Page 174 and 175: written out in full. Rather, I thin
Page 176 and 177: amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
Page 178 and 179: Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
Page 180 and 181: name and his office (all dative sin
Page 184 and 185: Out of the three gens names of the
Page 186 and 187: towns. Literary sources mention dis
Page 188 and 189: 1. He argued that the expression r6
Page 190 and 191: investigated whether this ethnic re
Page 192 and 193: mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
Page 194 and 195: the wars ended with the town being
Page 196 and 197: and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
Page 198 and 199: fighting on several fronts, in Apul
Page 200 and 201: admission, so they made their way t
Page 202 and 203: loose federation of settlements he
Page 204 and 205: Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
Page 206 and 207: late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
Page 208 and 209: v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
Page 210 and 211: possibility is that they are the ow
Page 212 and 213: fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
Page 214 and 215: supply uninterrupted and to give ga
Page 216 and 217: appears on the altar found in templ
Page 218 and 219: 6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
Page 220 and 221: 1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
Page 222 and 223: urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
Page 224 and 225: meaning `goings'. He supposed that
Page 226 and 227: the Latin noun fama, with the meani
Page 228 and 229: 4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
Page 230 and 231: since the programmata were not noti
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quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
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makes sense only if they were votin
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of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
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Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
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6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
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of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
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Most of the coins with the legend a
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6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
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story, recorded in local traditions
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supposed confederation the members
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structures. 848 The known instituti
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they were probably filled by electi
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title. My investigation has led to
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emarkably wider than in the Greek w
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In chapters three to six, I have su
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Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
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Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
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Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
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Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
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Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
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De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
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Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
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Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
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Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
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Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
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Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
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Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
Page 286 and 287:
Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
Page 288 and 289:
Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
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italica, Atli del convegno della So
Page 292 and 293:
Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
Page 294 and 295:
Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
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Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
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Maps 298
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zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
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1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
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A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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