Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

In chapters three to six, I have suggested that there are indications that in
Campania there were no long-term political federations. The terms Campanus and
Alfaternus were not used to denote members of confederations, but inhabitants of civic
communities. The magistracies meddix tuticus, aedilis and guaestor were local, civic
officials rather than federal magistrates. Coinages showing the legends Capua, Nola and
Nuceria Alfaterna were issued for the use of civic communities and not to serve as
federal currency. I have concluded therefore that there is no good evidence for the
existence of the supposed Campanian hegemony, apart from perhaps Atella, Calatia and
Sabatinum. Cumae was independent from Capua. Nola and Abella were independent
civic communities between the fourth and -first centuries BC. Similarly, Pompeii,
Herculaneum, Stabiae and Surrentum seem to have been separate civic communities. It
is, however, plausible that communities in Campania formed religious and perhaps
short-term military alliances, as the cults celebrated by Cumae and Capua at Hamae
suggest.
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