Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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Sulpicius Rufus to be built at public expense; his tomb became hereditaryash The tombs in this necropolis included those of generals who had triumphed and other public leaders. The situation at fondo Patturelli could have been similar: the tombs linked to the sanctuary very likely belonged to local gentes who had achieved public eminence in Capua. The gens Clovatia is mentioned only in inscriptions. The three terracotta stelae are among the oldest Capuan inscribed texts, probably from the late fourth to early third centuries BC. 457 The name is definitely Oscan. Another member of the gens, Pacius Clovatius son of Valaemia, appears several times on a curse tablet from Capua 458 Heurgon, following the argument of Schulze, suggested that the gens Clovatia could be a branch of the gens Cluvia, abundantly represented in Campania in Latin inscriptions. 459 It is possible that the gens Cluvia originated from the town of Cluviae of the Carracini. The Magii appear both in inscriptions and in literary sources. Buck argues that the names Maiios> Magis> Mahis> Mais refer to the same gens. 460 An early terracotta inscription mentions the common iüvilas of all the Terentii Magii, who might represent one branch of the Magius family in Capua. The cognomen Atellanus of Cn. Magius, meddix tuticus in 214 BC, might distinguish this branch of the gens from other branches in Capua such as the Terentif. 461 The image of this gens in Roman sources is very positive: during the crisis of 216 BC, Decius Magius appears as an unshakeable ally of the Romans, who tried to prevent the Capuans from joining 456 Cic. Phil. 9.7.17 mentioned by Coarelli. 457 ST Cp 10,11,12. 458 ST Cp 37. 459 Heurgon (1942) 110. CIL 10.3823 from S. Leucio claims the sacra Cluviana. 460 Buck (1975) 60. 461 This idea was put forward by Heurgon (1942) 110. 132
the Carthaginians. 462 In his accolade to Decius Magius, Silius Italicus attributes the foundation of Capua to this gens at the instigation of Jupiter. 463 Velleius Paterculus mentions Decius Magius as one of his maternal ancestors along with another member of his family, Minatus Magius Aeculensis. 464 Two Oscan inscriptions from Aeclanum, one probably the basis of a statue to the goddess Mefitis, confirm that a branch of the Magii were leading inhabitants of this town 465 From the age of Sulla, the Magii appeared also at Rome: the sons of Minatus Magius held the praetorship 466 The Virrii, Blossii and Calavii of Capua fell victim to Roman propaganda after the Second Punic War, because they were active when the city revolted from Rome. They were made to embody luxuria, voluptas, licentia and libido, vices associated with Capua 467 Inscriptions show that the Virrii provided Capua with a 468 censor and a meddix. A terracotta stela shows that ceremonies were held in honour of the gens. Vibius Virrius appears in Livy for his part in the embassy sent to Rome from Capua in 216 BC to ask for the release of the three hundred cavalrymen who had served in Sicily. 469 Upon his return to Capua, he convinced his fellow-citizens to revolt from Rome, and took part in the embassy of the Capuan senate to Hannibal to negotiate the terms on which Capua joined the Carthaginians. A bronze tablet from a Roman tomb tells us that two other members of this gens, Sthenius Virrius and 462 Livy 23.7.4. 463 Sil. Ital. Pun. 11.177. 464 Veil. Pat. 2.16.2. 465 ST Hi 1: Gabius Magius son of Pacius, ST Hi 4: Sivius Magius. 466 Münzer (P. W. 14 439 (8). 467 Livy 7.38.5,23.2.1-2 and 23.4.4-5. acs ST Cp 24 and 27. 469 Livy 23.6.1. 133
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Leadership among the Samnites and r
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Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
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6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
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Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
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Chapter 2 looks at what the account
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unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
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dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
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narrowed the meaning of touta down
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tuticus was consequently an urban o
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2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
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century BC and the Social War. 53 F
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esurrected by the Pentri in second
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their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
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that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
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that the Romans had rebuilt the des
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Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
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the name of the place to Italia. He
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2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
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southernmost part of the fourth reg
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We must, however, ask whether the a
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dated to the end of the fourth or b
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heartland as being heavily fortifie
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Remains of buildings and associated
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were scattered over the area of the
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the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
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the region. 183 Livy uses the term
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and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
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Samnium, partly because the visible
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Another surge in building activity
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site was abandoned after the war. O
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It is generally accepted that the w
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Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
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i still left with the question of w
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three stamps in which the name of t
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second Stabidinus is plausibly the
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the first half of the second centur
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pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
Page 81 and 82: .ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
Page 83 and 84: pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
Page 85 and 86: the Samnites during the Samnite and
Page 87 and 88: Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
Page 89 and 90: Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
Page 91 and 92: produced a magister for the Samnite
Page 93 and 94: 2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
Page 95: fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
Page 98 and 99: Although they suggest that the medd
Page 100 and 101: Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
Page 102 and 103: Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
Page 104 and 105: Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
Page 106 and 107: BC, after the final defeat of the L
Page 108 and 109: supervise the introduction of new r
Page 110 and 111: settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
Page 112 and 113: Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
Page 114 and 115: Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
Page 116 and 117: undermined, however, by several fac
Page 118 and 119: We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
Page 120 and 121: same structure: the name or names o
Page 122 and 123: [These three are the iüvilas] of P
Page 124 and 125: inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
Page 126 and 127: The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
Page 128 and 129: ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
Page 130 and 131: ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
Page 134 and 135: Triphius Virrius, were probably put
Page 136 and 137: Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
Page 138 and 139: were established in the city, but t
Page 140 and 141: The main source of information for
Page 142 and 143: 4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
Page 144 and 145: It is difficult to know where exact
Page 146 and 147: earlier Greek agora, the later foru
Page 148 and 149: still contained Greek elements. 533
Page 150 and 151: Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
Page 152 and 153: own magistrates, but was represente
Page 154 and 155: Modern interpretations of the expre
Page 156 and 157: Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
Page 158 and 159: Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
Page 160 and 161: the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
Page 162 and 163: Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
Page 164 and 165: Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
Page 166 and 167: with the late period of the Hyrina
Page 168 and 169: 5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
Page 170 and 171: Romans held censuses every five yea
Page 172 and 173: Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
Page 174 and 175: written out in full. Rather, I thin
Page 176 and 177: amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
Page 178 and 179: Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
Page 180 and 181: name and his office (all dative sin
Page 182 and 183:
a number of scholars, I do not beli
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Out of the three gens names of the
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towns. Literary sources mention dis
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1. He argued that the expression r6
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investigated whether this ethnic re
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mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
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the wars ended with the town being
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and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
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fighting on several fronts, in Apul
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admission, so they made their way t
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loose federation of settlements he
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Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
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late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
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v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
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possibility is that they are the ow
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fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
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supply uninterrupted and to give ga
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appears on the altar found in templ
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6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
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1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
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urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
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meaning `goings'. He supposed that
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the Latin noun fama, with the meani
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4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
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since the programmata were not noti
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quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
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makes sense only if they were votin
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of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
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Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
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6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
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of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
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Most of the coins with the legend a
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6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
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story, recorded in local traditions
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supposed confederation the members
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structures. 848 The known instituti
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they were probably filled by electi
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title. My investigation has led to
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emarkably wider than in the Greek w
Page 260 and 261:
In chapters three to six, I have su
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Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
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Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
Page 266 and 267:
Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
Page 268 and 269:
Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
Page 270 and 271:
Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
Page 272 and 273:
De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
Page 274 and 275:
Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
Page 276 and 277:
Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
Page 278 and 279:
Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
Page 280 and 281:
Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
Page 282 and 283:
Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
Page 284 and 285:
Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
Page 286 and 287:
Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
Page 288 and 289:
Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
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italica, Atli del convegno della So
Page 292 and 293:
Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
Page 294 and 295:
Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
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Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
Page 298 and 299:
Maps 298
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zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
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1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
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A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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