Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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In chapters three to six, I have suggested that there are indications that in Campania there were no long-term political federations. The terms Campanus and Alfaternus were not used to denote members of confederations, but inhabitants of civic communities. The magistracies meddix tuticus, aedilis and guaestor were local, civic officials rather than federal magistrates. Coinages showing the legends Capua, Nola and Nuceria Alfaterna were issued for the use of civic communities and not to serve as federal currency. I have concluded therefore that there is no good evidence for the existence of the supposed Campanian hegemony, apart from perhaps Atella, Calatia and Sabatinum. Cumae was independent from Capua. Nola and Abella were independent civic communities between the fourth and -first centuries BC. Similarly, Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabiae and Surrentum seem to have been separate civic communities. It is, however, plausible that communities in Campania formed religious and perhaps short-term military alliances, as the cults celebrated by Cumae and Capua at Hamae suggest. 260
Bibliography Afzelius, A., 'Samnium', Die Römische Eroberung Italiens (Copenhagen, 1942) 86- 91. Aigner Foresti, A., `La lega etrusca', Federazioni efederalismo nell'Europa antica. Alle radici della casa comune europea (Milan, 1994) 327-350. Alessio, G., `Capua e 1'etnico Campani', La Campaniafra il VI e il III secolo a. C. (Florence, 1992) 149-54. Alföldy, A., Early Rome and the Latins (Ann Harbor, 1965). Altheim, F., Terra Mater (Giessen, 1931). Ambrosetti, G., `Testimonianze preaugustee da Sepino Altilia', Archeologia Classica 10 (1958) 14-21. D'Ambrosio, De Caro S., Ùn contributo all'urbanistica e all'architettura di Pompei in eta ellenistica. I saggi nella casa VII, IV, 62', Instituto universitario orientale di Napoli, annali del Seminario di studi del mondo, Section of Archaeology and Ancient History 11 (1989) 173-215. Ampolo, C., `Boschi sacri e culti federali: l'esempio del Lazio', AA. VV Les Bois sacres (Naples, 1993) 159-167. Ampolo, C., `Demarato. Osservazioni sulla mobilitä sociale arcaica', Dialoghi di Archeologia 9-10 (1976-7) 333-45. Ampolo, C., `Ricerche sulla lega Latina. II. La dedica di Egregius Baebius (Cato fr. 58 Peter)', Parola del Passato 38 (1983) 321-6. Antonini, R., Àvella', Studi Etruschi 58 (1992) 332-4,355-59. 261
Page 1 and 2:
Leadership among the Samnites and r
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Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
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6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
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Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
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Chapter 2 looks at what the account
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unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
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dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
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narrowed the meaning of touta down
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tuticus was consequently an urban o
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2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
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century BC and the Social War. 53 F
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esurrected by the Pentri in second
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their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
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that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
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that the Romans had rebuilt the des
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Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
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the name of the place to Italia. He
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2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
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southernmost part of the fourth reg
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We must, however, ask whether the a
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dated to the end of the fourth or b
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heartland as being heavily fortifie
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Remains of buildings and associated
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were scattered over the area of the
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the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
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the region. 183 Livy uses the term
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and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
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Samnium, partly because the visible
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Another surge in building activity
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site was abandoned after the war. O
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It is generally accepted that the w
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Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
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i still left with the question of w
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three stamps in which the name of t
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second Stabidinus is plausibly the
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the first half of the second centur
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pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
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.ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
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pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
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the Samnites during the Samnite and
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Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
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Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
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produced a magister for the Samnite
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2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
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fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
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Although they suggest that the medd
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Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
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Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
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Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
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BC, after the final defeat of the L
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supervise the introduction of new r
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settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
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Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
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Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
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undermined, however, by several fac
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We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
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same structure: the name or names o
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[These three are the iüvilas] of P
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inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
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The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
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ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
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ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
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Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
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Triphius Virrius, were probably put
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Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
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were established in the city, but t
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The main source of information for
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4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
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It is difficult to know where exact
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earlier Greek agora, the later foru
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still contained Greek elements. 533
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Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
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own magistrates, but was represente
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Modern interpretations of the expre
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Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
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Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
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the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
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Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
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Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
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with the late period of the Hyrina
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5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
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Romans held censuses every five yea
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Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
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written out in full. Rather, I thin
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amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
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Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
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name and his office (all dative sin
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a number of scholars, I do not beli
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Out of the three gens names of the
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towns. Literary sources mention dis
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1. He argued that the expression r6
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investigated whether this ethnic re
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mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
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the wars ended with the town being
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and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
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fighting on several fronts, in Apul
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admission, so they made their way t
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loose federation of settlements he
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Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
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late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
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v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
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Page 218 and 219: 6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
Page 220 and 221: 1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
Page 222 and 223: urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
Page 224 and 225: meaning `goings'. He supposed that
Page 226 and 227: the Latin noun fama, with the meani
Page 228 and 229: 4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
Page 230 and 231: since the programmata were not noti
Page 232 and 233: quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
Page 234 and 235: makes sense only if they were votin
Page 236 and 237: of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
Page 238 and 239: Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
Page 240 and 241: 6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
Page 242 and 243: of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
Page 244 and 245: Most of the coins with the legend a
Page 246 and 247: 6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
Page 248 and 249: story, recorded in local traditions
Page 250 and 251: supposed confederation the members
Page 252 and 253: structures. 848 The known instituti
Page 254 and 255: they were probably filled by electi
Page 256 and 257: title. My investigation has led to
Page 258 and 259: emarkably wider than in the Greek w
Page 262 and 263: Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
Page 264 and 265: Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
Page 266 and 267: Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
Page 268 and 269: Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
Page 270 and 271: Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
Page 272 and 273: De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
Page 274 and 275: Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
Page 276 and 277: Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
Page 278 and 279: Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
Page 280 and 281: Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
Page 282 and 283: Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
Page 284 and 285: Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. À Cla
Page 286 and 287: Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
Page 288 and 289: Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
Page 290 and 291: italica, Atli del convegno della So
Page 292 and 293: Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
Page 294 and 295: Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
Page 296 and 297: Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
Page 298 and 299: Maps 298
Page 300 and 301: zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
Page 302 and 303: 1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
Page 304: A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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