Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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centred community. 224 A similar meaning has been also suggested for the touta marouca, which designated those who formed an autonomous community around the urban centre called Teate Marrucinorum in the Roman period. 225 In the Tabula Bantina, the expression bansae touta refers to the inhabitants of Bantia, a single community in the last quarter of the second century BC. 226 Prosdocimi has argued for links between the term touta and the citadel of a pre-urban and urban centre called in Oscan ocri/ocar (in Latin arx, in Greek akro-). 227 It seems that the touta in all these cases, apart from the tuta safina, was probably equivalent to the Latin term populus. The fact that in Samnium the noun touta does not appear qualified by an adjective which indicates its geographical extension makes it difficult to define, since it could be used to describe a larger entity (nomen or tribe), but also a community within the touta. The use of the word populus has a similar double sense in Latin: the populus Veientanus was part of the Roman state, the populus Romanus. In the previous section I cited evidence for the development of distinct city-based communities. 228 This raises the question of whether touta denoted the state of the Pentri or local Pentrian communities or both. A second problem regarding administrative terminology is also related to the notion of Samnium as a tribal state. It is a commonly held view that the administrative system of the Italic populations was based on territorial units, called pagi, rather than on cities. In his description of the Samnite wars, Cornell suggests that the pagus was a `canton comprising one or more villages (vici)'. 229 The expression pagus occurs in Latin inscriptions of imperial date in the territory of the 224 for instance ST Um 1. VIa 29 and VIla 11. 225 The expression appears in the so-called Tabula Rapinensis, which was dated to the mid third century BC: Cianfarani (1956) 311-327. 226 ST Lu 1.19. Buck (1995) 234-5. 227 Prosdocimi (1978) 29-74. 228 See section 2.3.3. 68
Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the pagi had Oscan names, which has led several scholars to believe that they go back to pre-Roman administrative units. 230 Pagi are also known in territories of formerly Samnite peoples: the alimentary table of Ligures Baebiani, which dates from the reign of Trajan, lists 19 pagi in the territory of Beneventum. The table is fragmentary and La Regina suggested that the overall number of the pagi must have been between 30 and 35.231 On the basis of the proportion of the number of pagi in the geographical area of the territory of Beneventum, he produced hypothetical numbers for the pagi in the territories of the Paeligni and Vestini. La Regina also estimated the number of vici included within the pagi. The settlement pattern of the Samnite areas of the central Apennines is not as homogeneous as those of the territories of the Vestini and Paeligni, so comparable numbers for these areas cannot not be estimated, but La Regina still argued that a pagus-system functioned also in Samnium. Capogrossi Colognesi has rightly criticised the thesis that pagi existed among the Italic populations before the introduction of Roman administration. 232 He notes that the idea that the pagi of Beneventum go back to an original Samnite system presupposes a fairly uniform settlement pattern in the Samnite period, a claim that cannot be substantiated. The constant, organic relation between pagi and vici suggested by La Regina also lacks evidence. 229 Cornell (1995) 345. 230 Inscriptions mention the names of a handful of pagi in the territory of the Paeligi, such as the pagus Vecellanus (ILS 932 a), and pagus Boedinus (ILS 6532), pagi Interpromini (ILS 5609), in Campania the pagus Herculaneus at/near Capua (ILS 6302), pagus Agrifanus, pagus Capriculanus, pagus Lanita and pagus Myttianus at Nola or in the Hirpini the pagi Meflanus and Aequanus (ILS 6350) in the territory of Beneventum (ILS 6509). 231 CIL IX 1455, La Regina (1970-1) 445-6. 232 Capogrossi Colognesi (2002) On the Tabula Alimentaria: 131-58, on the Samnite pagi: 170-92. 69
Page 1 and 2:
Leadership among the Samnites and r
Page 3 and 4:
Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
Page 7 and 8:
6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
Page 9 and 10:
Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
Page 11 and 12:
Chapter 2 looks at what the account
Page 13 and 14:
unification of Italy and the growth
Page 15 and 16:
was qualified by the place-name of
Page 17 and 18: dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
Page 19 and 20: narrowed the meaning of touta down
Page 21 and 22: tuticus was consequently an urban o
Page 23 and 24: 2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
Page 25 and 26: century BC and the Social War. 53 F
Page 27 and 28: esurrected by the Pentri in second
Page 29 and 30: their country, the Romans decided t
Page 31 and 32: princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
Page 33 and 34: that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
Page 35 and 36: that the Romans had rebuilt the des
Page 37 and 38: Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
Page 39 and 40: the name of the place to Italia. He
Page 41 and 42: 2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
Page 43 and 44: southernmost part of the fourth reg
Page 45 and 46: We must, however, ask whether the a
Page 47 and 48: dated to the end of the fourth or b
Page 49 and 50: heartland as being heavily fortifie
Page 51 and 52: Remains of buildings and associated
Page 53 and 54: were scattered over the area of the
Page 55 and 56: the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
Page 57 and 58: the region. 183 Livy uses the term
Page 59 and 60: and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
Page 61 and 62: Samnium, partly because the visible
Page 63 and 64: Another surge in building activity
Page 65 and 66: site was abandoned after the war. O
Page 67: It is generally accepted that the w
Page 71 and 72: i still left with the question of w
Page 73 and 74: three stamps in which the name of t
Page 75 and 76: second Stabidinus is plausibly the
Page 77 and 78: the first half of the second centur
Page 79 and 80: pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
Page 81 and 82: .ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
Page 83 and 84: pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
Page 85 and 86: the Samnites during the Samnite and
Page 87 and 88: Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
Page 89 and 90: Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
Page 91 and 92: produced a magister for the Samnite
Page 93 and 94: 2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
Page 95: fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
Page 98 and 99: Although they suggest that the medd
Page 100 and 101: Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
Page 102 and 103: Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
Page 104 and 105: Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
Page 106 and 107: BC, after the final defeat of the L
Page 108 and 109: supervise the introduction of new r
Page 110 and 111: settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
Page 112 and 113: Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
Page 114 and 115: Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
Page 116 and 117: undermined, however, by several fac
Page 118 and 119:
We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
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same structure: the name or names o
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[These three are the iüvilas] of P
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inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
Page 126 and 127:
The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
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ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
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ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
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Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
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Triphius Virrius, were probably put
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Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
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were established in the city, but t
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The main source of information for
Page 142 and 143:
4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
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It is difficult to know where exact
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earlier Greek agora, the later foru
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still contained Greek elements. 533
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Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
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own magistrates, but was represente
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Modern interpretations of the expre
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Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
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Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
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the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
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Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
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Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
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with the late period of the Hyrina
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5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
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Romans held censuses every five yea
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Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
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written out in full. Rather, I thin
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amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
Page 178 and 179:
Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
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name and his office (all dative sin
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a number of scholars, I do not beli
Page 184 and 185:
Out of the three gens names of the
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towns. Literary sources mention dis
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1. He argued that the expression r6
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investigated whether this ethnic re
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mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
Page 194 and 195:
the wars ended with the town being
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and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
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fighting on several fronts, in Apul
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admission, so they made their way t
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loose federation of settlements he
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Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
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late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
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v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
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possibility is that they are the ow
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fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
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supply uninterrupted and to give ga
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appears on the altar found in templ
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6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
Page 220 and 221:
1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
Page 222 and 223:
urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
Page 224 and 225:
meaning `goings'. He supposed that
Page 226 and 227:
the Latin noun fama, with the meani
Page 228 and 229:
4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
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since the programmata were not noti
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quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
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makes sense only if they were votin
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of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
Page 238 and 239:
Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
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6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
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of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
Page 244 and 245:
Most of the coins with the legend a
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6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
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story, recorded in local traditions
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supposed confederation the members
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structures. 848 The known instituti
Page 254 and 255:
they were probably filled by electi
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title. My investigation has led to
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emarkably wider than in the Greek w
Page 260 and 261:
In chapters three to six, I have su
Page 262 and 263:
Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
Page 264 and 265:
Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
Page 266 and 267:
Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
Page 268 and 269:
Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
Page 270 and 271:
Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
Page 272 and 273:
De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
Page 274 and 275:
Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
Page 276 and 277:
Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
Page 278 and 279:
Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
Page 280 and 281:
Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
Page 282 and 283:
Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
Page 284 and 285:
Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
Page 286 and 287:
Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
Page 288 and 289:
Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
Page 290 and 291:
italica, Atli del convegno della So
Page 292 and 293:
Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
Page 294 and 295:
Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
Page 296 and 297:
Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
Page 298 and 299:
Maps 298
Page 300 and 301:
zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
Page 302 and 303:
1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
Page 304:
A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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