Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae, which date from the fourth century BC, so are not specific to the area of Nuceria and Pompeii. The shrine was an extra-urban sanctuary and was probably maintained by the community of nearby Surrentum. I therefore accept Lejeune's argument, according to which the meddices Minervii were public officers of Surrentum responsible solely for the administration of the shrine. 805 Poccetti added another possible interpretation: the title could also denote officers of a cult association named after a god (like the magistri Mercuriales on Delos, but this seems less likely). 806 The office of the meddix of Minerva is also important because it may suggest the view that by the first half of the second century BC, the meddix became a general term for any magistracy or important public office. The names of the officers follow the usual pattern of Italic names, praenomen, nomen gentilicium, and filiation, but two of them have rather unusual nomina gentilicia. The gens name Pitacius certainly comes from Greek, perhaps Pyttax or Pitakios 807 Campanile proved that the nomen gentilicium 'Appulliis' is the Oscan equivalent of the Latin nomen gentilicium of 'Appuleius'. The gens name Gavius was very common among all the Samnite peoples. There is no reason to attribute them to a city other than Surrentum. 805 Lejeune (1990) 262. 806 poccetti (1992) 194. 242
6.6. Nuceria 6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend irnOii Beloch argued from the lack of issues of coinage by the towns of Pompeii, Surrentum, Herculaneum and Stabiae that the coins struck by Nuceria Alfaterna served as the coinage for a confederation. Recently found coins, however, reveal two phases of coin issues by non-Greek communities in the Bay of Naples prior to the Social War. The first issue consists of bronze coins bearing the letters 1m e. The common feature of the second issue is that the legend nuvkrinum alafaternum appears on their obverses. Beloch considered only the second issue to be Oscan. He believed that the coins with the irnOii legends were related to the Etruscan town of Arinthe and were used in the ager Picentinus. 808 The aim of this and the next section is to examine whether these two phases of coinage can support the idea of some kind of political federation in the valley of Sarno between the second half of the fourth century and the Social War. Almost a hundred coins with the legend irnOif are known: ST nCm la-b, Ve 200 A 11, Co Note XVIII. These coins, presumably issued by the same mint, are one of a pair of groups whose common feature is the head of a young man, possibly Apollo, crowned with laurel on the obverse. In the first group, a bull with a human head is depicted on the reverse. The legend frn6if appears on coins only with the bull. On the other type, a mussel surrounded by three dolphins appears on the reverse, with no legend. 807 Campanile (1992) 215. 808 Beloch (1879) 10. 243
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Leadership among the Samnites and r
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Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
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6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
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Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
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Chapter 2 looks at what the account
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unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
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dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
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narrowed the meaning of touta down
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tuticus was consequently an urban o
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2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
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century BC and the Social War. 53 F
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esurrected by the Pentri in second
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their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
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that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
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that the Romans had rebuilt the des
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Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
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the name of the place to Italia. He
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2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
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southernmost part of the fourth reg
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We must, however, ask whether the a
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dated to the end of the fourth or b
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heartland as being heavily fortifie
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Remains of buildings and associated
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were scattered over the area of the
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the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
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the region. 183 Livy uses the term
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and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
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Samnium, partly because the visible
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Another surge in building activity
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site was abandoned after the war. O
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It is generally accepted that the w
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Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
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i still left with the question of w
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three stamps in which the name of t
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second Stabidinus is plausibly the
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the first half of the second centur
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pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
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.ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
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pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
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the Samnites during the Samnite and
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Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
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Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
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produced a magister for the Samnite
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2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
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fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
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Although they suggest that the medd
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Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
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Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
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Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
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BC, after the final defeat of the L
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supervise the introduction of new r
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settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
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Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
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Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
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undermined, however, by several fac
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We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
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same structure: the name or names o
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[These three are the iüvilas] of P
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inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
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The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
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ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
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ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
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Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
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Triphius Virrius, were probably put
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Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
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were established in the city, but t
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The main source of information for
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4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
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It is difficult to know where exact
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earlier Greek agora, the later foru
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still contained Greek elements. 533
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Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
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own magistrates, but was represente
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Modern interpretations of the expre
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Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
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Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
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the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
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Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
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Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
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with the late period of the Hyrina
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5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
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Romans held censuses every five yea
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Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
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written out in full. Rather, I thin
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amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
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Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
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name and his office (all dative sin
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a number of scholars, I do not beli
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Out of the three gens names of the
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towns. Literary sources mention dis
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1. He argued that the expression r6
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investigated whether this ethnic re
Page 192 and 193: mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
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Page 200 and 201: admission, so they made their way t
Page 202 and 203: loose federation of settlements he
Page 204 and 205: Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
Page 206 and 207: late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
Page 208 and 209: v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
Page 210 and 211: possibility is that they are the ow
Page 212 and 213: fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
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Page 218 and 219: 6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
Page 220 and 221: 1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
Page 222 and 223: urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
Page 224 and 225: meaning `goings'. He supposed that
Page 226 and 227: the Latin noun fama, with the meani
Page 228 and 229: 4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
Page 230 and 231: since the programmata were not noti
Page 232 and 233: quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
Page 234 and 235: makes sense only if they were votin
Page 236 and 237: of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
Page 238 and 239: Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
Page 240 and 241: 6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
Page 244 and 245: Most of the coins with the legend a
Page 246 and 247: 6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
Page 248 and 249: story, recorded in local traditions
Page 250 and 251: supposed confederation the members
Page 252 and 253: structures. 848 The known instituti
Page 254 and 255: they were probably filled by electi
Page 256 and 257: title. My investigation has led to
Page 258 and 259: emarkably wider than in the Greek w
Page 260 and 261: In chapters three to six, I have su
Page 262 and 263: Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
Page 264 and 265: Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
Page 266 and 267: Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
Page 268 and 269: Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
Page 270 and 271: Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
Page 272 and 273: De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
Page 274 and 275: Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
Page 276 and 277: Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
Page 278 and 279: Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
Page 280 and 281: Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
Page 282 and 283: Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
Page 284 and 285: Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
Page 286 and 287: Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
Page 288 and 289: Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
Page 290 and 291: italica, Atli del convegno della So
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Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
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Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
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Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
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Maps 298
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zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
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1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
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A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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