Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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Romans held censuses every five years, and this was adopted by their allies as is indicated by the adjective quinquennalis which later appears in the titles of local magistrates in numerous inscriptions from across Italy. 610 So far, no inscription has been found with the adjective decennalis. Furthermore the word degetasius has no connection to the Oscan word for year, acenei (abl. sing. ). La Regina's comparison of the office of meddix degetasius to the decemviri of Rome is not helpful. The decemvirate of 450/1 was an extraordinary committee, which replaced the regular magistrates of the year and was appointed to compile a law code. 61 1 The decemviri stlitibus iudicandis were a board or ten leading citizens responsible for lawsuits, to decide whether a man was free or slave. The decemviri sacris faciundis held their position for life and their task was the preservation of the Sybilline books. 612 Boards of ten men or decemviri were appointed by the senate to carry out specific tasks, but this was not a regularly held office. 613 I now compare the Nolan magistrates with comparable magistrates in other Campanian inscriptions and at Rome. Dedications made from public fines are also attested at Pompeii, but the sundial inscription shows that it was a quaestor who performed this duty. 614 At Rome the aediles seemed to have exercised a similar authority. Numerous examples in Livy show that both plebeian and curule aediles, of which there were two pairs, prosecuted offenders on charges of contravening the limits on landholding and the use of pasture, a grain merchant for causing corn shortages, and 610 aediles quinquennales at Tusculum: CIL XIV. 2579 and 2590 (from 186 AD). aediles of Formiae consisted of aedilis quinquennalis solus with censorial functions supported by two ordinary aediles of the settlement: CIL X. 6015,6111. Praetor (sometimes called duovir) quinquennalis from Lavinium (Latins): CIL X. 797; CIL XIV p. 188. Praetor quinquennalis in Capitulum Hernicum: CIL XIV. 2960. 61 Livy 3.32.6. 612 Lintott (1999)183-4. 613 See section 5.4. 614 ST Po 4, ST Po 8 and the fragmentary ST Po 13? 170
moneylenders. 615 The aediles used fines to build sanctuaries such as those of Victoria and Faunus (on the island of the Tiber), erect statues of deities or give games in honour of gods. 16 The annalistic record is confirmed by one or two inscriptions. 617 At Pompeii the quaestor spent the money on a sundial by order of one of the town's councils and other inscriptions from Pompeii that mention the quaestor also show him acting under the direction of the two assemblies or councils. 618 Even at Rome, where the aediles appear to act independently, they must have secured senatorial approval for their dedications. The same was probably true at Nola, whose council (senatus) is mentioned by Livy and in the Cippus Abellanus. I turn now to the recently discovered boundary inscription ST Cm 48, from the territory of Nola. The text was first published by Rix; Poccetti's interpretation is forthcoming. It probably dates to the second half of the second century BC. k(e)r(rins). statiis. k(e)r(rineis) m. d. III pz. staiis pz. m. d. k p(a)k(is). kala[v]iis. p(a)k(ieis) m. d. [-? -] v(ibis). afj-4/6-] m. d. III tere[mna]ttens Cerinus Statius son of Cerinus m. d. III Pz Staius son of Pz m. d. k 615 List based on Rathbone's compilation of sources in Livy: Rathbone (2003) 146, n. 36. Landholding: 7. 16.9; 10.13.14; pasture: 10.23.13; 10.47.4; 33.42.10; 34.53.4,35.10.11-12; aedilician convictions for unspecified offences: Livy 10.33.9; 27.6.19; 30.39.8; 31.50.2; 33.25.3. moneylenders: 7.28.9; 10.23.11-12; 35.41.9-10; grain merchants: 38.35.5-6. 616 Sanctuary of Victoria: Livy 10.33.9; sanctuary of Faunus: Livy 33.42.10; statues for deities: Livy 27. 6.19; 30.39.8; 31.50.2. The Publicii brothers in 241 or 238 BC used money from fines to fund the Floralia and the building of clivus Publicus: Ovid Fasti 5.277-294; Varro, Ling. 5.158; Vell. Pat. 1.14.8. 617 CIL I2 1496 = CIL XIV 3678 from Tibur: M. Scaudius C. f., C. Munatius T. f. aediles aere multatico. 618 See section 6.2.1.4. 171
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Leadership among the Samnites and r
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Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
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6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
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Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
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Chapter 2 looks at what the account
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unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
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dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
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narrowed the meaning of touta down
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tuticus was consequently an urban o
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2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
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century BC and the Social War. 53 F
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esurrected by the Pentri in second
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their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
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that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
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that the Romans had rebuilt the des
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Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
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the name of the place to Italia. He
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2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
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southernmost part of the fourth reg
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We must, however, ask whether the a
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dated to the end of the fourth or b
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heartland as being heavily fortifie
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Remains of buildings and associated
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were scattered over the area of the
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the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
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the region. 183 Livy uses the term
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and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
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Samnium, partly because the visible
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Another surge in building activity
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site was abandoned after the war. O
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It is generally accepted that the w
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Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
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i still left with the question of w
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three stamps in which the name of t
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second Stabidinus is plausibly the
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the first half of the second centur
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pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
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.ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
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pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
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the Samnites during the Samnite and
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Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
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Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
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produced a magister for the Samnite
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2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
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fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
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Although they suggest that the medd
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Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
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Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
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Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
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BC, after the final defeat of the L
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supervise the introduction of new r
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settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
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Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
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Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
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undermined, however, by several fac
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We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
Page 120 and 121: same structure: the name or names o
Page 122 and 123: [These three are the iüvilas] of P
Page 124 and 125: inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
Page 126 and 127: The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
Page 128 and 129: ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
Page 130 and 131: ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
Page 132 and 133: Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
Page 134 and 135: Triphius Virrius, were probably put
Page 136 and 137: Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
Page 138 and 139: were established in the city, but t
Page 140 and 141: The main source of information for
Page 142 and 143: 4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
Page 144 and 145: It is difficult to know where exact
Page 146 and 147: earlier Greek agora, the later foru
Page 148 and 149: still contained Greek elements. 533
Page 150 and 151: Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
Page 152 and 153: own magistrates, but was represente
Page 154 and 155: Modern interpretations of the expre
Page 156 and 157: Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
Page 158 and 159: Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
Page 160 and 161: the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
Page 162 and 163: Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
Page 164 and 165: Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
Page 166 and 167: with the late period of the Hyrina
Page 168 and 169: 5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
Page 172 and 173: Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
Page 174 and 175: written out in full. Rather, I thin
Page 176 and 177: amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
Page 178 and 179: Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
Page 180 and 181: name and his office (all dative sin
Page 182 and 183: a number of scholars, I do not beli
Page 184 and 185: Out of the three gens names of the
Page 186 and 187: towns. Literary sources mention dis
Page 188 and 189: 1. He argued that the expression r6
Page 190 and 191: investigated whether this ethnic re
Page 192 and 193: mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
Page 194 and 195: the wars ended with the town being
Page 196 and 197: and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
Page 198 and 199: fighting on several fronts, in Apul
Page 200 and 201: admission, so they made their way t
Page 202 and 203: loose federation of settlements he
Page 204 and 205: Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
Page 206 and 207: late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
Page 208 and 209: v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
Page 210 and 211: possibility is that they are the ow
Page 212 and 213: fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
Page 214 and 215: supply uninterrupted and to give ga
Page 216 and 217: appears on the altar found in templ
Page 218 and 219: 6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
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1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
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urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
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meaning `goings'. He supposed that
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the Latin noun fama, with the meani
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4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
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since the programmata were not noti
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quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
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makes sense only if they were votin
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of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
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Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
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6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
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of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
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Most of the coins with the legend a
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6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
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story, recorded in local traditions
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supposed confederation the members
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structures. 848 The known instituti
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they were probably filled by electi
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title. My investigation has led to
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emarkably wider than in the Greek w
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In chapters three to six, I have su
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Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
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Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
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Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
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Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
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Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
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De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
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Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
Page 276 and 277:
Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
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Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
Page 280 and 281:
Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
Page 282 and 283:
Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
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Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
Page 286 and 287:
Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
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Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
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italica, Atli del convegno della So
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Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
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Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
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Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
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Maps 298
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zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
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1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
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A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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