Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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2.5. Social elite and Samnite leaders The importance of kinship and genres in southern Italy in antiquity has long been recognised. 279 The leading genres were prime movers of changes of different types: their need for land led to the conflicts with Rome, which culminated in the Samnite Wars, and their desire for the recognition of their rights or the Roman citizenship was one main motive for the Social War. Several genres appear again and again in inscriptions and written accounts of Samnium. The questions of how family groups were defined and how some achieved a leading role cannot be studied due to the lack of evidence. Few scholars go beyond describing the Samnites broadly as a society of peasants and herdsmen, who `lived a life of toil and hardship'. Large landed estates, Salmon continued, `were owned by a handful of families who enjoyed wealth, power, and authority, and for centuries were the leaders of the nation and makers of its policy'. 280 Dench has drawn a more nuanced picture of the social structure of the Samnite `mountain' society? g' It is not my aim here to provide a general study of Samnite society. However, prosopographic evidence from inscriptions, coins and literary sources, can be used to study the breadth or narrowness of the elite in Samnium, and the issue of elite mobility. The safest approach is to study two elite groups that can be identified with certainty: first the political elite, who appear as meddices tutici in inscribed dedications and tile stamps; second, the military leaders of the Social War attested on coins and in the literary evidence. A third group of the recorded military leaders of 278 Lintott (1999) 115-20. 279 e. g. Lomas (2000) 84 on Apulia. 280 Salmon (1967) 52-3. 281 Dench (1995) 140-53. 84
the Samnites during the Samnite and Punic Wars can be added, although their historicity may be open to some doubt. Table la: Gens names of ineddices tutici, and their Latin equivalents from inscriptions Oscan gens names from inscriptions Latin equivalents betitis (ST Sa 25-meddix); Betitius dekitiüd( ST Sa 2), dekitis (La Regina (1966) 262); Decitius staiis (ST Sa 10,11,12), stalls (ST Sa 3 meddix tuticus?, 21); Staius staatiis (ST Sa 13); Statius vesulliais (ST Sa 7); Vesulliaeus Table lb: From tile stamps. bet (ST tSa 18); Betitius dek (ST tSa 22); Decitius ega (ST tSa 12 ); Egnatius ? heri (ST tSa 13); Herius paap (ST tSa 1); paa (ST tSa 6); pap (ST tSa 23 and 25); papi (ST tSa 24); Papius pümt (ST tSa 9,11); Pontius or sadri (ST tSa 7); Satrius staff (ST tSa 16,21), staff (ST tSa 26), staff (ST tSa 32); Staius Pomponius ? 282 282 Asa praenomen see Salomies (1987) 87-8. Rix (2002) implies that pz mt of ST tSa 9 and 11 is the same gens name of rco12 uw in ST Me I and 2, no i7 TOLEU ST Me 3, pz ntfis of ST Po I, ponties of ST Pg 5 and puntieis of ST Cm 28. 85
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Leadership among the Samnites and r
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Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
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6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
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Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
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Chapter 2 looks at what the account
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unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
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dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
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narrowed the meaning of touta down
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tuticus was consequently an urban o
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2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
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century BC and the Social War. 53 F
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esurrected by the Pentri in second
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their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
Page 33 and 34: that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
Page 35 and 36: that the Romans had rebuilt the des
Page 37 and 38: Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
Page 39 and 40: the name of the place to Italia. He
Page 41 and 42: 2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
Page 43 and 44: southernmost part of the fourth reg
Page 45 and 46: We must, however, ask whether the a
Page 47 and 48: dated to the end of the fourth or b
Page 49 and 50: heartland as being heavily fortifie
Page 51 and 52: Remains of buildings and associated
Page 53 and 54: were scattered over the area of the
Page 55 and 56: the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
Page 57 and 58: the region. 183 Livy uses the term
Page 59 and 60: and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
Page 61 and 62: Samnium, partly because the visible
Page 63 and 64: Another surge in building activity
Page 65 and 66: site was abandoned after the war. O
Page 67 and 68: It is generally accepted that the w
Page 69 and 70: Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
Page 71 and 72: i still left with the question of w
Page 73 and 74: three stamps in which the name of t
Page 75 and 76: second Stabidinus is plausibly the
Page 77 and 78: the first half of the second centur
Page 79 and 80: pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
Page 81 and 82: .ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
Page 83: pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
Page 87 and 88: Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
Page 89 and 90: Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
Page 91 and 92: produced a magister for the Samnite
Page 93 and 94: 2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
Page 95: fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
Page 98 and 99: Although they suggest that the medd
Page 100 and 101: Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
Page 102 and 103: Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
Page 104 and 105: Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
Page 106 and 107: BC, after the final defeat of the L
Page 108 and 109: supervise the introduction of new r
Page 110 and 111: settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
Page 112 and 113: Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
Page 114 and 115: Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
Page 116 and 117: undermined, however, by several fac
Page 118 and 119: We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
Page 120 and 121: same structure: the name or names o
Page 122 and 123: [These three are the iüvilas] of P
Page 124 and 125: inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
Page 126 and 127: The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
Page 128 and 129: ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
Page 130 and 131: ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
Page 132 and 133: Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
Page 134 and 135:
Triphius Virrius, were probably put
Page 136 and 137:
Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
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were established in the city, but t
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The main source of information for
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4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
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It is difficult to know where exact
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earlier Greek agora, the later foru
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still contained Greek elements. 533
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Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
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own magistrates, but was represente
Page 154 and 155:
Modern interpretations of the expre
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Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
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Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
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the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
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Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
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Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
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with the late period of the Hyrina
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5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
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Romans held censuses every five yea
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Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
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written out in full. Rather, I thin
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amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
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Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
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name and his office (all dative sin
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a number of scholars, I do not beli
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Out of the three gens names of the
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towns. Literary sources mention dis
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1. He argued that the expression r6
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investigated whether this ethnic re
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mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
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the wars ended with the town being
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and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
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fighting on several fronts, in Apul
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admission, so they made their way t
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loose federation of settlements he
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Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
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late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
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v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
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possibility is that they are the ow
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fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
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supply uninterrupted and to give ga
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appears on the altar found in templ
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6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
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1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
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urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
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meaning `goings'. He supposed that
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the Latin noun fama, with the meani
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4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
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since the programmata were not noti
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quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
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makes sense only if they were votin
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of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
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Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
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6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
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of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
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Most of the coins with the legend a
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6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
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story, recorded in local traditions
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supposed confederation the members
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structures. 848 The known instituti
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they were probably filled by electi
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title. My investigation has led to
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emarkably wider than in the Greek w
Page 260 and 261:
In chapters three to six, I have su
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Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
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Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
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Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
Page 268 and 269:
Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
Page 270 and 271:
Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
Page 272 and 273:
De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
Page 274 and 275:
Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
Page 276 and 277:
Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
Page 278 and 279:
Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
Page 280 and 281:
Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
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Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
Page 284 and 285:
Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
Page 286 and 287:
Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
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Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
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italica, Atli del convegno della So
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Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
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Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
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Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
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Maps 298
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zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
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1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
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A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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