Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

More documents

Recommendations

Info

sanctuaries. This section re-examines Salmon's view in the light of new archaeological data from the region. Since Salmon's publication of 1967 excavations have been conducted in most known rural sanctuaries and the number of known hill-forts is much greater than it used to be. The 1950s saw a shift in the scope of excavations: a new trend in archaeology, field-walking, drew attention to the remains of the Samnite countryside. Increasingly from the 1970s, studies of several river valleys have located a large number of small villages and scattered farmsteads which seem to have constituted the main feature of the settlement pattern in those areas. 135 This section examines the relationships between the hill-forts, sanctuaries and settlement pattern as possible evidence for the study of political organisation in Samnium. Models for relations between the hill-forts and the settlement pattern have been produced for other Oscan-speaking areas, notably the hill-fort of Roccagloriosa and the territory of the Marsi. Archaeological finds in the territory of Roccagloriosa suggest that a Samnite population inhabited the area around Mount Capitenali from the first half of the fifth century BC. 136 Remains of several buildings have been located on the plateau of the hill. A cemetery in nearby Scala has yielded material probably used at banquets. The richness of these finds associates them with the local elite. In the fourth century BC, polygonal walls were built to enclose an area of about 15 hectares at Roccagloriosa. At the same time, the number of hamlets and farmsteads situated on the hill-side grew. These sites seem to have been dependent on the hill-fort, the only place that yields evidence for the office of meddix, documented in a recently found fragmentary bronze tablet. 137 The tablet has been 135 Curti, Dench, Patterson (1996) 170-89. '36 Fracchia (2004) 69-83. 137 For archaeological and historical circumstances of the tablet see Gualtieri (2000) 243-53. See also Tocco (2000). 224-9. Fracchia (2000) n. 21. 46
dated to the end of the fourth or beginning of the third centuy BC on the basis of its archaeological context. This particular hill-fort probably served as the centre of local administration in the period. The third century BC brought with it a substantial change in the settlement system in Lucania: fortified centres were abandoned and the vici in the neighbourhood seem to have transferred their relations to the colony of Buxentum: an agricultural settlement situated on the plain, near busy roads. The territory of the Marsi provides us with a slightly different model of relations between the hill-forts and the rest of the settlement system. 138 The area had a high number of fortifications, the building of which probably started before the fourth century BC. Evidence from the sites of the hill-forts implies that most of them were inhabited before and during the fourth century BC. A study of the hamlets and villages in the area reveals that the earliest date from the end of the third century, but that most of them were probably built during the second century BC. It is therefore probable that before the end of the third century BC the major part of the population lived in and around the fortifications. They descended to cultivate their lands in the plain; the necropoleis situated on the plains suggest that they also buried their dead there. The villages do not seem to have been centred on large hill-forts. Letta argued that these villages were probably built during the period of political stability that followed the treaty in 302 BC between the Marsi and Rome. It is not surprising that the villages depended on the municipal centres supported by Rome rather than the hill-forts. The only place that has yielded evidence for the office of meddix among the Marsi is the hill-fort of Antinum. 139 The site later became a seat of a municipium itself. It is particularly interesting that the hill-forts of the Marsi continued to be 138 Letta (1988) 217-33. 139 ST VM 3, Bo 32, Pi 56, SE 42 (1974) 358. 47
Page 1 and 2: Leadership among the Samnites and r
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements I am most thankful
Page 5 and 6: 2.4. Administrative institutions ..
Page 7 and 8: 6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
Page 9 and 10: Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 2 looks at what the account
Page 13 and 14: unification of Italy and the growth
Page 15 and 16: was qualified by the place-name of
Page 17 and 18: dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
Page 19 and 20: narrowed the meaning of touta down
Page 21 and 22: tuticus was consequently an urban o
Page 23 and 24: 2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
Page 25 and 26: century BC and the Social War. 53 F
Page 27 and 28: esurrected by the Pentri in second
Page 29 and 30: their country, the Romans decided t
Page 31 and 32: princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
Page 33 and 34: that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
Page 35 and 36: that the Romans had rebuilt the des
Page 37 and 38: Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
Page 39 and 40: the name of the place to Italia. He
Page 41 and 42: 2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
Page 43 and 44: southernmost part of the fourth reg
Page 45: We must, however, ask whether the a
Page 49 and 50: heartland as being heavily fortifie
Page 51 and 52: Remains of buildings and associated
Page 53 and 54: were scattered over the area of the
Page 55 and 56: the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
Page 57 and 58: the region. 183 Livy uses the term
Page 59 and 60: and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
Page 61 and 62: Samnium, partly because the visible
Page 63 and 64: Another surge in building activity
Page 65 and 66: site was abandoned after the war. O
Page 67 and 68: It is generally accepted that the w
Page 69 and 70: Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
Page 71 and 72: i still left with the question of w
Page 73 and 74: three stamps in which the name of t
Page 75 and 76: second Stabidinus is plausibly the
Page 77 and 78: the first half of the second centur
Page 79 and 80: pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
Page 81 and 82: .ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
Page 83 and 84: pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
Page 85 and 86: the Samnites during the Samnite and
Page 87 and 88: Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
Page 89 and 90: Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
Page 91 and 92: produced a magister for the Samnite
Page 93 and 94: 2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
Page 95: fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
Page 98 and 99:
Although they suggest that the medd
Page 100 and 101:
Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
Page 102 and 103:
Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
Page 104 and 105:
Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
Page 106 and 107:
BC, after the final defeat of the L
Page 108 and 109:
supervise the introduction of new r
Page 110 and 111:
settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
Page 112 and 113:
Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
Page 114 and 115:
Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
Page 116 and 117:
undermined, however, by several fac
Page 118 and 119:
We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
Page 120 and 121:
same structure: the name or names o
Page 122 and 123:
[These three are the iüvilas] of P
Page 124 and 125:
inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
Page 126 and 127:
The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
Page 128 and 129:
ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
Page 130 and 131:
ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
Page 132 and 133:
Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
Page 134 and 135:
Triphius Virrius, were probably put
Page 136 and 137:
Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
Page 138 and 139:
were established in the city, but t
Page 140 and 141:
The main source of information for
Page 142 and 143:
4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
Page 144 and 145:
It is difficult to know where exact
Page 146 and 147:
earlier Greek agora, the later foru
Page 148 and 149:
still contained Greek elements. 533
Page 150 and 151:
Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
Page 152 and 153:
own magistrates, but was represente
Page 154 and 155:
Modern interpretations of the expre
Page 156 and 157:
Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
Page 158 and 159:
Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
Page 160 and 161:
the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
Page 162 and 163:
Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
Page 164 and 165:
Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
Page 166 and 167:
with the late period of the Hyrina
Page 168 and 169:
5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
Page 170 and 171:
Romans held censuses every five yea
Page 172 and 173:
Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
Page 174 and 175:
written out in full. Rather, I thin
Page 176 and 177:
amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
Page 178 and 179:
Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
Page 180 and 181:
name and his office (all dative sin
Page 182 and 183:
a number of scholars, I do not beli
Page 184 and 185:
Out of the three gens names of the
Page 186 and 187:
towns. Literary sources mention dis
Page 188 and 189:
1. He argued that the expression r6
Page 190 and 191:
investigated whether this ethnic re
Page 192 and 193:
mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
Page 194 and 195:
the wars ended with the town being
Page 196 and 197:
and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
Page 198 and 199:
fighting on several fronts, in Apul
Page 200 and 201:
admission, so they made their way t
Page 202 and 203:
loose federation of settlements he
Page 204 and 205:
Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
Page 206 and 207:
late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
Page 208 and 209:
v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
Page 210 and 211:
possibility is that they are the ow
Page 212 and 213:
fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
Page 214 and 215:
supply uninterrupted and to give ga
Page 216 and 217:
appears on the altar found in templ
Page 218 and 219:
6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
Page 220 and 221:
1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
Page 222 and 223:
urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
Page 224 and 225:
meaning `goings'. He supposed that
Page 226 and 227:
the Latin noun fama, with the meani
Page 228 and 229:
4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
Page 230 and 231:
since the programmata were not noti
Page 232 and 233:
quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
Page 234 and 235:
makes sense only if they were votin
Page 236 and 237:
of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
Page 238 and 239:
Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
Page 240 and 241:
6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
Page 242 and 243:
of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
Page 244 and 245:
Most of the coins with the legend a
Page 246 and 247:
6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
Page 248 and 249:
story, recorded in local traditions
Page 250 and 251:
supposed confederation the members
Page 252 and 253:
structures. 848 The known instituti
Page 254 and 255:
they were probably filled by electi
Page 256 and 257:
title. My investigation has led to
Page 258 and 259:
emarkably wider than in the Greek w
Page 260 and 261:
In chapters three to six, I have su
Page 262 and 263:
Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
Page 264 and 265:
Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
Page 266 and 267:
Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
Page 268 and 269:
Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
Page 270 and 271:
Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
Page 272 and 273:
De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
Page 274 and 275:
Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
Page 276 and 277:
Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
Page 278 and 279:
Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
Page 280 and 281:
Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
Page 282 and 283:
Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
Page 284 and 285:
Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
Page 286 and 287:
Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
Page 288 and 289:
Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
Page 290 and 291:
italica, Atli del convegno della So
Page 292 and 293:
Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
Page 294 and 295:
Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
Page 296 and 297:
Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
Page 298 and 299:
Maps 298
Page 300 and 301:
zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
Page 302 and 303:
1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
Page 304:
A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
show all

Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?