Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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undermined, however, by several factors: apart from the copious imaginative speeches, the text is laden with Livy's political prejudices towards Capua and Calavius. Several members of the gens Calavia, as will be discussed later, were noted for their anti-Roman behaviour. Whatever its historicity, this passage illustrates actions taken in a time of political crisis rather than general practice in Capua. Another passage suggests that membership of the senate depended on wealth and birth 419 It is plausible that it included the ex-meddices tutici and other ex-magistrates as well. For what it is worth, no other ancient source suggests that the membership of this council was not for life. Ancient sources imply that Capua had a popular assembly. Two references in Livy suggest that the assembly was summoned by the meddix tuticus. 420 Cicero refers to the consilium commune, dissolved by the Romans after the Second Punic War, probably meaning the popular assembly rather than the senate. 21 Diodorus Siculus mentions that the decision to side with Hannibal was taken in the ExxAgQia KOIVTj 422 It is possible that Hannibal's presence in Southern Italy triggered democratic movements in some cities. In 211 BC, Seppius Loesius, a citizen of humble birth and little fortune, obtained the office of meddix tuticus, 423 Livy says that, in the city stricken by hunger and war, those who were eligible for office by birth refused to run for it. This also indicates that the office of the meddix tuticus was chosen by popular election at least by the late third century BC. 419 Livy 23 3.11. 420 Livy 23.3.1 (Pacuvius Calavius ex meddix tuticus) and 23.7.9 (Marius Blossius praetor Campanus). 421 Cic. De leg. Agr. 1.19: `In Capua, our ancestors abolished the magistates, the senate, the popular assembly (consilium commune) and all the marks of the republic, leaving nothing else in the city except the empty name of Capua. ' 422 Diod. Sic. 26.10. 423 Livy 26.6.13 loco obscuro tenuiquefortuna ortus 116
The descriptions of the political institutions of Capua in ancient sources, particularly those of the senate and the popular assembly, seem to suggest that they were concerned with the affairs of the city of Capua rather than of a federation of communities. 3.3. Administrative institutions in the epigraphic evidence The aim of this section is to see how the epigraphic evidence complements or alters the general picture of the ancient literary sources about the administrative institutions of Capua in the independent Samnite period of the city. The only Oscan inscriptions of Capua come from a funerary context. They are traditionally called iüvilas inscriptions after the word that occurs in most of them. The inscriptions are dedications on behalf of individuals or genres, and advertise or record sacrifices held during certain public or private holidays. Most of the inscriptions come from the necropolis of fondo Patturelli, an estate outside the eastern gate of Capua, south of the Appian way. 424 A smaller number seem to have been found at a different location, fondo Tirone 425 This is another estate north of Capua where it is thought there was another necropolis and a sanctuary. The typology of the inscriptions from the fondo Tirone is the same as those of the fondo Patturelli, but owing to the unclear circumstances of the discovery of the inscriptions it is doubtful whether they came from the fondo Tirone at all 426 424 The owner of this land, Carlo Patturelli, discovered traces of an ancient sanctuary by chance in 1845. A monumental altar and a substantial body of tufa statues, terracotta antefixes and statues, inscriptions etc. were found. Excavations began in 1873, but were not well documented, and most of the finds were lost or destroyed. It soon became clear that the sanctuary was surrounded by several altars and that it stood at the centre of a necropolis. This site is known as the fondo Patturelli, but no traces of the necropolis and the sanctuary are visible today. 425 ST Cp 20, ST Cp 21, ST Cp 22, ST Cp 23, and ST Cp 24, 426 1 am grateful for this piece of information to Prof. Crawford (see his forthcoming article). 117
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Leadership among the Samnites and r
Page 3 and 4:
Acknowledgements I am most thankful
Page 5 and 6:
2.4. Administrative institutions ..
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6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
Page 9 and 10:
Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
Page 11 and 12:
Chapter 2 looks at what the account
Page 13 and 14:
unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
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dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
Page 19 and 20:
narrowed the meaning of touta down
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tuticus was consequently an urban o
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2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
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century BC and the Social War. 53 F
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esurrected by the Pentri in second
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their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
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that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
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that the Romans had rebuilt the des
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Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
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the name of the place to Italia. He
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2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
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southernmost part of the fourth reg
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We must, however, ask whether the a
Page 47 and 48:
dated to the end of the fourth or b
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heartland as being heavily fortifie
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Remains of buildings and associated
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were scattered over the area of the
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the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
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the region. 183 Livy uses the term
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and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
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Samnium, partly because the visible
Page 63 and 64:
Another surge in building activity
Page 65 and 66: site was abandoned after the war. O
Page 67 and 68: It is generally accepted that the w
Page 69 and 70: Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
Page 71 and 72: i still left with the question of w
Page 73 and 74: three stamps in which the name of t
Page 75 and 76: second Stabidinus is plausibly the
Page 77 and 78: the first half of the second centur
Page 79 and 80: pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
Page 81 and 82: .ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
Page 83 and 84: pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
Page 85 and 86: the Samnites during the Samnite and
Page 87 and 88: Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
Page 89 and 90: Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
Page 91 and 92: produced a magister for the Samnite
Page 93 and 94: 2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
Page 95: fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
Page 98 and 99: Although they suggest that the medd
Page 100 and 101: Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
Page 102 and 103: Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
Page 104 and 105: Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
Page 106 and 107: BC, after the final defeat of the L
Page 108 and 109: supervise the introduction of new r
Page 110 and 111: settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
Page 112 and 113: Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
Page 114 and 115: Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
Page 118 and 119: We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
Page 120 and 121: same structure: the name or names o
Page 122 and 123: [These three are the iüvilas] of P
Page 124 and 125: inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
Page 126 and 127: The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
Page 128 and 129: ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
Page 130 and 131: ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
Page 132 and 133: Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
Page 134 and 135: Triphius Virrius, were probably put
Page 136 and 137: Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
Page 138 and 139: were established in the city, but t
Page 140 and 141: The main source of information for
Page 142 and 143: 4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
Page 144 and 145: It is difficult to know where exact
Page 146 and 147: earlier Greek agora, the later foru
Page 148 and 149: still contained Greek elements. 533
Page 150 and 151: Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
Page 152 and 153: own magistrates, but was represente
Page 154 and 155: Modern interpretations of the expre
Page 156 and 157: Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
Page 158 and 159: Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
Page 160 and 161: the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
Page 162 and 163: Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
Page 164 and 165: Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
Page 166 and 167:
with the late period of the Hyrina
Page 168 and 169:
5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
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Romans held censuses every five yea
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Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
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written out in full. Rather, I thin
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amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
Page 178 and 179:
Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
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name and his office (all dative sin
Page 182 and 183:
a number of scholars, I do not beli
Page 184 and 185:
Out of the three gens names of the
Page 186 and 187:
towns. Literary sources mention dis
Page 188 and 189:
1. He argued that the expression r6
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investigated whether this ethnic re
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mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
Page 194 and 195:
the wars ended with the town being
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and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
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fighting on several fronts, in Apul
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admission, so they made their way t
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loose federation of settlements he
Page 204 and 205:
Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
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late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
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v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
Page 210 and 211:
possibility is that they are the ow
Page 212 and 213:
fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
Page 214 and 215:
supply uninterrupted and to give ga
Page 216 and 217:
appears on the altar found in templ
Page 218 and 219:
6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
Page 220 and 221:
1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
Page 222 and 223:
urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
Page 224 and 225:
meaning `goings'. He supposed that
Page 226 and 227:
the Latin noun fama, with the meani
Page 228 and 229:
4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
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since the programmata were not noti
Page 232 and 233:
quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
Page 234 and 235:
makes sense only if they were votin
Page 236 and 237:
of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
Page 238 and 239:
Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
Page 240 and 241:
6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
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of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
Page 244 and 245:
Most of the coins with the legend a
Page 246 and 247:
6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
Page 248 and 249:
story, recorded in local traditions
Page 250 and 251:
supposed confederation the members
Page 252 and 253:
structures. 848 The known instituti
Page 254 and 255:
they were probably filled by electi
Page 256 and 257:
title. My investigation has led to
Page 258 and 259:
emarkably wider than in the Greek w
Page 260 and 261:
In chapters three to six, I have su
Page 262 and 263:
Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
Page 264 and 265:
Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
Page 266 and 267:
Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
Page 268 and 269:
Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
Page 270 and 271:
Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
Page 272 and 273:
De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
Page 274 and 275:
Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
Page 276 and 277:
Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
Page 278 and 279:
Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
Page 280 and 281:
Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
Page 282 and 283:
Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
Page 284 and 285:
Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
Page 286 and 287:
Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
Page 288 and 289:
Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
Page 290 and 291:
italica, Atli del convegno della So
Page 292 and 293:
Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
Page 294 and 295:
Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
Page 296 and 297:
Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
Page 298 and 299:
Maps 298
Page 300 and 301:
zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
Page 302 and 303:
1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
Page 304:
A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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