Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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Triphius Virrius, were probably put under a curse 470 The name Triphius suggests that he was a freedmen of the gens Virria. Two members of the gens Blossia are known: Minius Blossius son of Minius was meddix tuticus when the iüvilas of Trebius Virrius Censorinus was presented. 471 Livy mentions that Marius Blossius was the praetor Campanus, that is meddix tuticus of Capua in 216 BC 472 Blossius acted as a faithful ally to Hannibal during the Roman siege of the city when one hundred and seventy leading Capuans committed suicide under the leadership of him and his brother. 473 Cicero associated the name of this family with the arrogance and haughtiness typical of the Campanians 474 The gentilicium of the Calavii/Caluvii derives from the stem *caluo-, from which the Latin adjective calves derives. It appears in the Latin nomen gentilicium Calvius. Two large tufa slabs record that the iuvila of Spurius Calavius took place when Lucius Pettius was meddix. Maius Calavius appears on a fragment of a black- glaze pot. 475 Numerous members of the gens appear in other Oscan-speaking territories. In Aesernia, Sthenius Calavius son of Gabius donated a gold ring to the goddess Angitia. 476 At Nola Pacius Calavius son of Pacius is one of four magistrates (meddix degetasius) named on a boundary stone. 477 Stenius Calavius is mentioned on a bronze curse tablet from Cumae 478 St(enius? ) Cal(avius? ), whose name appears on a tile-stamp from Pompeii, was probably the rneddix tuticus of Pompeii. Calavii are also present in Latin inscriptions from Pompeii, Puteoli, Beneventum and 470 ST Cp 20-23. Curse tablet; ST Cp 36. Considering that the tablet was found in a Roman tomb, but with Oscan script, it probably dates from the late Republic or early Empire. "71 ST Cp 24. 472 Livy 23.7.8. 473 Livy 27.3.5. 474 Cic. De Leg Agr. 2.93. 475 ST Cp 29 and 30, ST Cp 39. 476 ST Sa 22. 477 ST Cm 48. This inscription will be studied in detail in the `Nola' section. 478 ST Cm 13. 134
Larinum. 479 In ancient sources, the Calavii appear at two crucial points in Roman history: in the Sainnite Wars after the Caudine Forks and in the Second Punic war. Ofillius Calavius is the only member of the gens painted in a favourable light by Roman historiography. Following the disaster of the Caudine Forks, Livy mentions that the returning Roman army was welcomed at Capua with pity, and that Ofillius upheld the alliance with Rome. 480 The brothers Ovius and Nonius Calavius are mentioned as plotters against Rome in 314 BC, who then commit suicide. 81 Pacavius Calavius, ineddix tuticus in 217 BC, had strong relations with Rome: his wife was the daughter of an Appius Claudius and his daughter married M. Livius 482 Livy attributes to him the resolution of a political crisis at Capua in 216 BC, but he is accused of taking a major role in the revolt of Capua from Rome after the battle of Cannae. Finally Livy blames the Calavii for setting fire to the heart of Rome in 210 BC in retaliation for the abolition of the Capuan autonomy in the previous year. They were denounced by a slave whom they had treated 'badly. 483 It is likely that the episodes of the secret conspiracy in 314 BC and the fire at Rome were Roman fabrications. Two tufa slabs commemorate sacrifices in honour of three members of the gens Tanterneia: Upilus, Vibius and Pacius. 484 The noinen gentilicium is probably the Oscanized version of the Etruscan 'Tantlna', attested at Naples on Latin inscriptions as 'Tantilius' 485 This is not the only gens in Capua supposed to have had Etruscan origins. Apart from the Magii (see above), Buonamici argued that the gens Annia to which the meddix tuticus Minius Annius belongs, originated from the 479 Pompeii: CIL X 1090, Puteoli: X 2202, Beneventum: CIL IX 1985 and Larinum: CIL IX 749, 480 Livy 9.7.2. aal Livy 9.26.7. 4: 2 Livy 22.2.6. 483 Briquel (2001) 117-35. 484STCp31 and 32. 135
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Leadership among the Samnites and r
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Acknowledgements I am most thankful
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2.4. Administrative institutions ..
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6.6.1. Bronze coins with the legend
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Abbreviations Bu = Buck, C. D., A G
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Chapter 2 looks at what the account
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unification of Italy and the growth
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was qualified by the place-name of
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dictatorship of the Latin states. 1
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narrowed the meaning of touta down
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tuticus was consequently an urban o
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2.1. Introduction Chapter 2. Highla
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century BC and the Social War. 53 F
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esurrected by the Pentri in second
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their country, the Romans decided t
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princeps. 77 The titles imperator a
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that he had captured Taurasia, Cisa
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that the Romans had rebuilt the des
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Beneventum, in the upper valleys of
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the name of the place to Italia. He
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2.2.5. Voting tribes and Augustan r
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southernmost part of the fourth reg
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We must, however, ask whether the a
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dated to the end of the fourth or b
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heartland as being heavily fortifie
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Remains of buildings and associated
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were scattered over the area of the
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the hill fort of Monte Pallano in t
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the region. 183 Livy uses the term
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and the Sangro valley. Aufidena was
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Samnium, partly because the visible
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Another surge in building activity
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site was abandoned after the war. O
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It is generally accepted that the w
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Vestini and Paeligni. Some of the p
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i still left with the question of w
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three stamps in which the name of t
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second Stabidinus is plausibly the
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the first half of the second centur
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pak(is). staiis. 1(üvkieis). m(edd
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.ý -ý: ordered or approved by a c
Page 83 and 84: pürtam. liis[eis az2 pü]d safinim
Page 85 and 86: the Samnites during the Samnite and
Page 87 and 88: Marcus Lamponius (App., B. C. 1.42.
Page 89 and 90: Table 4: The Staii as meddices tuti
Page 91 and 92: produced a magister for the Samnite
Page 93 and 94: 2.6. Conclusions Literary accounts
Page 95: fort of Roccagloriosa and some hill
Page 98 and 99: Although they suggest that the medd
Page 100 and 101: Capua is preserved in Stephanus Byz
Page 102 and 103: Samnites. 347 Dionysius's passage,
Page 104 and 105: Campanian issues as well, thus sugg
Page 106 and 107: BC, after the final defeat of the L
Page 108 and 109: supervise the introduction of new r
Page 110 and 111: settled in 334 BC. 379 But the Fale
Page 112 and 113: Litemum and Puteoli in 194 BC; 392
Page 114 and 115: Bantina, an Oscan constitution, is
Page 116 and 117: undermined, however, by several fac
Page 118 and 119: We have twenty-six iüvilas inscrip
Page 120 and 121: same structure: the name or names o
Page 122 and 123: [These three are the iüvilas] of P
Page 124 and 125: inscriptions ST Cp 27,29, and 30, a
Page 126 and 127: The inscription ST Cp 32 suggests t
Page 128 and 129: ekluva[tiium] 2diuvia. [is] 3damu[s
Page 130 and 131: ST Cp 19, Ve 93, Co 112, FdB 1, He
Page 132 and 133: Sulpicius Rufus to be built at publ
Page 136 and 137: Etruscan gens Ane. 486 Heurgon, cit
Page 138 and 139: were established in the city, but t
Page 140 and 141: The main source of information for
Page 142 and 143: 4.1. Introduction Chapter 4. Cumae
Page 144 and 145: It is difficult to know where exact
Page 146 and 147: earlier Greek agora, the later foru
Page 148 and 149: still contained Greek elements. 533
Page 150 and 151: Although Sgobbo's reading of the wo
Page 152 and 153: own magistrates, but was represente
Page 154 and 155: Modern interpretations of the expre
Page 156 and 157: Rix's argument is unconvincing. Fir
Page 158 and 159: Cumae and Pompeii. These cities, al
Page 160 and 161: the name of the town. 566 Justin, w
Page 162 and 163: Rome and Naples. 577 One may doubt,
Page 164 and 165: Nola, Naples and Cumae in 216 BC 58
Page 166 and 167: with the late period of the Hyrina
Page 168 and 169: 5.4.1. Magistrates at Nola and Abel
Page 170 and 171: Romans held censuses every five yea
Page 172 and 173: Pacius Calavius son of Pacius m. d.
Page 174 and 175: written out in full. Rather, I thin
Page 176 and 177: amnüd. puz. idik. sakara[klüm] in
Page 178 and 179: Side B Lines 23-26: But the Nolans.
Page 180 and 181: name and his office (all dative sin
Page 182 and 183: a number of scholars, I do not beli
Page 184 and 185:
Out of the three gens names of the
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towns. Literary sources mention dis
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1. He argued that the expression r6
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investigated whether this ethnic re
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mentioned by Thucydides, who says t
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the wars ended with the town being
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and from the Labican' 684 Beloch no
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fighting on several fronts, in Apul
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admission, so they made their way t
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loose federation of settlements he
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Pompeianus and guaestor Pompeianus.
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late third, early ST Po 1 Caratelli
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v(iibis). püpidiis. v(iibieis). me
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possibility is that they are the ow
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fragmentary inscriptions, Ve 9 and
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supply uninterrupted and to give ga
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appears on the altar found in templ
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6.3.5. Other institutions It is als
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1. ST Po 34, Ve 23, Co 60, Bu 14, P
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urubla[nu. ant. tiu]rri. 7mefira. f
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meaning `goings'. He supposed that
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the Latin noun fama, with the meani
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4. ST Po 43, Ve 30b, Co 71, Zvetaie
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since the programmata were not noti
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quinquennalis or quaestor. Mommsen
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makes sense only if they were votin
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of the town. Maraeus Atranus son of
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Numerous nomina gentilicia of magis
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6.5. Meddices of Minerva A unique i
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of Mefitis and Privati of Stabiae,
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Most of the coins with the legend a
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6.6.2. Silver and bronze coins from
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story, recorded in local traditions
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supposed confederation the members
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structures. 848 The known instituti
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they were probably filled by electi
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title. My investigation has led to
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emarkably wider than in the Greek w
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In chapters three to six, I have su
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Antonini, R., `Campani', Studi Etru
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Bonghi Jovino, M., La necopoliprero
Page 266 and 267:
Campanile, E., `Note sulla defixio
Page 268 and 269:
Cebeillac-Gervasoni M., 'Italia: Re
Page 270 and 271:
Crawford, M. H., Coinage and money
Page 272 and 273:
De Benedittis, G., 'Sannio (CB): pi
Page 274 and 275:
Di Niro, A., `Cercemaggiore-Gildone
Page 276 and 277:
Gabba, E., L'Italia romana (Como, 1
Page 278 and 279:
Guzzo, P. G. 'L'identitä contradit
Page 280 and 281:
Joseph, B. D., 'Oscan slaagi-', Glo
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Larsen, J. A. 0, Greek Federal Stat
Page 284 and 285:
Lloyd, J. A. Rathbone, D. W. `A Cla
Page 286 and 287:
Mau, A., `Die oskischen Wegweiserin
Page 288 and 289:
Onorato, G. 0., `Pompei municipium
Page 290 and 291:
italica, Atli del convegno della So
Page 292 and 293:
Salerno', Nuceria Alfaterna e il su
Page 294 and 295:
Sgobbo, I., `Gli Etruschi in Pompei
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Thomsen, R., The Italic Regions fro
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Maps 298
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zr Cl `>iyo N"i Q"_; Zö...........
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1r ý, 'ýý 1. ýý}: ýýý ýi l
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A ö 0 a a v a t 0 a 0 N t O CL n°
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Submitted for award of PhD September 2006. - King's College London

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