CONTRADICTION, CRITIQUE, AND DIALECTIC IN ADORNO A ...

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through a different form of analysis, which form of analysis needs to be both explicated and substantiated. Second, assuming that there is another element to philosophical analysis, capable of disclosing the mediation of social reality and conceptuality by nature, what consequences does this form of philosophical analysis have for the dialectical structure that has been developed in this chapter? Is the further form of philosophical analysis compatible with the account developed here, such that it can be taken up as an addition to this account, or does it result in a negation or alteration of this account? In order to address these questions, which orient the rest of this study, we need to develop a more detailed understanding of the mediation by nature that Adorno takes to determine the inner logic of both social reality and conceptual dynamics. I now turn to an investigation of this mediation. 208
CHAPTER 5: A FREUDIAN <strong>IN</strong>TERPRETATION OF DIALEKTIK DER AUFKLÄRUNG Now we need to take into account the second component of Adorno’s ontology of antagonism: that is, the global heteronomy of the social order due to society’s mediation by nature. This chapter, and the one that follows, are mainly concerned with explaining the meaning of this mediation. Since the mediation of society by nature is the main topic of Adorno and Horkheimer’s Dialektik der Aufklärung, I proceed by first offering an interpretation of this text. In this work, Horkheimer and Adorno diagnose the modern social order, and the form of rationality prevalent in it, as pathological—and not just in any sense but rather specifically in terms of a “return of nature,” or, as Horkheimer calls it in his Eclipse of Reason, a “revenge of nature.” This phenomenon corresponds to Freud’s category of the “return of the repressed.” In order to understand Horkheimer and Adorno’s diagnosis of the pathologies of the modern world, it is essential to understand Freud’s notion of the return of the repressed as well as how the notion might be applicable to society and civilization as a whole. In psychoanalytic theory, the return of the repressed corresponds to the creation of symptoms in psychological illness, be it in neurosis or psychosis. My central interpretive claim is that Adorno and Horkheimer’s diagnosis of the enlightenment’s pathology corresponds in detail to the Freudian conception of the paranoid form of psychosis. If I 209
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CONTRADICTION, CRITIQUE, AND DIALEC
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CONTRADICTION, CRITIQUE, AND DIALEC
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For my parents, Luz Marina and John
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4.3 Adorno’s resolution of the di
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FIGURES Figure 4.1: Inner contradic
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost,
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CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINA
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in the present study, and which I t
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inadequate. In my view, O’Connor
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system, and Adorno rejects both the
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and instead examining only the assu
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In Hegel, there are three stages in
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dialectical movement in act. 16 Phi
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According to Hegel, the philosopher
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dialectic is driven forward from on
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observing consciousness has already
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consciousness to perform the operat
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and makes possible the successive a
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corresponds to the self-determining
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And yet, as I hope to have shown in
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claim; namely, that the Hegelian sy
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the system’s inability to express
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Hegel’s idea that history is in e
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irremediably caught in a situation
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defined in its essence by rationali
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zum Entsetzen verifiziert und auf d
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1.2.2 Hegelian dialectics as a form
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objectivity, but rather as an empha
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as thought, is a form of thought th
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conceptual element. It is thus ulti
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It is clear, however, that (2) is n
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ultimately blind to this problem. H
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Aber Denken darf auch nicht bei der
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The first contradiction is internal
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world, and the nature of the subjec
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undertaking of giving an account of
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eflection. 62 The idea is that, ins
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of subject and object characterizin
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then, will be to take a suitable ex
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in it as providing a stable view of
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2.2 The subject’s mediation of an
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It might be thought, then, that the
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the subject as, on the one hand, an
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of consciousness that are then said
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Note the radical nature of Adorno
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tasks of ideology: first, to mask t
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more intelligible but also to lead
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empirical subject. The transcendent
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something external to the individua
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Even the individual who explicitly
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others, and even her own self-under
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is “contradictory” and “false
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Moreover, even modern critiques of
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Einzelmensch, so wie er zu agieren
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says that the “fixity and invaria
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the subject-object relation. I cons
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the concrete living individual, exp
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Clarifying Adorno’s notion of ant
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structure of modern society maximiz
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the following points to be relative
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accordance with its own autonomous
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orthodox Freudianism, Adorno takes
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In this situation, autonomous ego-c
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Civil Society Let us now turn to an
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den Mann zu bringen, das heißt in
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elations of production inherently l
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according to which any one individu
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The State Finally, we need to consi
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The forces of production have indee
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Gewalt, der von Repression, wie ein
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political and even its military pow
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economic activity for global capita
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that social freedom, or the freedom
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and nature has actually become a th
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epression and domination for their
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case, Hegel’s model would remain
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how the potential can be fulfilled
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antagonistic relation to internal n
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Adorno’s conception of the antago
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The question I pursue in this and t
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local heteronomy, or total determin
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selbst waltende” [not merely the
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efusal to acknowledge social factor
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There is therefore a sort of social
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Page 177 and 178: If a critical form of thought expos
Page 179 and 180: The following diagram illustrates t
Page 181 and 182: appearance and essence characterist
Page 183 and 184: Adorno’s famous statement that
Page 185 and 186: false or delusory. So, the idea tha
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Page 189 and 190: Hegel’s Science of Logic begins w
Page 191 and 192: In my view, the sublation [Aufhebun
Page 193 and 194: contingent historical development,
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Page 205 and 206: asking them to choose their prefere
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Page 209 and 210: Since the contradiction between app
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Page 217 and 218: objects, for the constitution of ob
Page 219: However, we do not yet know how the
Page 223 and 224: objects only to the extent that the
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Page 227 and 228: mechanism, namely paranoid projecti
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Page 231 and 232: Adorno and Horkheimer see the Shoah
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Page 243 and 244: of Adorno’s negative dialectics i
Page 245 and 246: that human beings on the average ca
Page 247 and 248: 5.4.1 Development of civilization A
Page 249 and 250: The first stage of distance that Ad
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Page 255 and 256: Threatening, wild nature is pushed
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Page 261 and 262: In his Vorlesung über Negative Dia
Page 263 and 264: Denken ineinsgesetzt, ohne dessen f
Page 265 and 266: instrumental reason. Stepping outsi
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5.5 Conclusion This chapter has dev
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teleologically ordered structure th
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CHAPTER 6: THE DIALECTIC OF ENLIGHT
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6.1 The dialectic of enlightenment
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development of the modern period an
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necessitated by the very mechanism
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The interpretation of Dialektik der
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doing without society provides no a
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conception of historical developmen
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of the system and perhaps also taki
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alone, seemingly for its own sake.
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accordance with which social realit
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(3) Therefore, the result of regres
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from its beginnings in animism to h
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subsection (6.2.2), I briefly expla
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constraints to bring about the emer
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Just like the social-historical lev
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6.2.3 Adorno’s historical method:
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dans sa force et sa faiblesse, la s
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emplacements et de déplacements, d
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individual as ailing from a weak eg
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this point is worth emphasizing bec
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element is a necessary component of
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exchange). Moreover, I said that, f
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within, and constructs the world as
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would be the case if exchange was a
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But the relation of nature to socie
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neither can be understood as more f
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The ‘natural history’ of a phen
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Verschlingungen; darum sind ihr so
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given to the structural order of so
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principle of exchange’s primacy o
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contradiction between appearance an
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introduced in chapter 3: the elemen
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When we consider the relation betwe
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The main goal of this chapter and t
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each of the Concept (beyond the rea
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object leaves room for an idea of c
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context of the object’s origin is
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each element of Kant’s theory on
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precisely through the interpretatio
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problems of the text (or other obje
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Ängste auskennt, das ist auf der e
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The world of empirical experience,
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Adorno interprets Kant’s division
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interpretation as the dissolution o
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demonstrates that the contradiction
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ist—der Begriff des Widerspruchs
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a. The first component corresponds
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historical context. But this way of
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The concern with retrieving the non
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object, which necessarily exceeds i
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the problem seems to be inherent in
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However, this society is pathologic
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sufficiency the “Schein des Ansic
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The category of ‘inner nature’
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fragments and their rhetorical form
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TABLE 7.1 DISCURSIVE-CONCEPTUAL V.
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moreover, a critique that simply ig
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The two philosophical strands, or s
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experience of suffering or damage,
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CHAPTER 8: PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE A
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adicalization of the materialist st
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Adorno’s words, nature is that wh
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One important point in Benjamin’s
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After the fall, “the judging word
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Importantly, however, language afte
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particular object is preserved in o
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that, “Was aber solche Namen als
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Die platonische Anamnesis steht die
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elements in the exemplary particula
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hat Geschichte nur noch als einen G
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Das Echte - jenes Ursprungssiegel i
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It is not my purpose here philosoph
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Adorno takes the idea of constellat
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The notion of onomatopoeia is strai
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Ausdruck kommt, in sehr entrückten
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evelation of this symbolic dimensio
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anders als in der Sprache nicht ged
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an aesthetic (artistic) ability to
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The constellation provides a field,
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constellation succeeds, and in the
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Again in agreement, Benjamin and Ad
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Adorno’s basic disagreement with
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immediately related to the economic
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[B]eide sind die auseinandergerisse
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illumination of the phenomenon that
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Adorno says that “Die Formel daß
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echen: Ihre eigene, die rücksichts
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which nature mediates social realit
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concept,” and chapter 8 gave a fi
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eality—that is, the structure of
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conceptual tensions in the object a
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conceptual oppositions that arise f
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object,” as well as in the “con
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element and in terms of its interpr
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The logical structure of paranoid p
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I do want to conclude with some ref
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If Adorno is right, this abstract l
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that they repress the non-conceptua
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Works by Adorno in the
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---. Negative Dialectics. Translate
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---. “On Some Motifs in Baudelair
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---. “Neurosis and psychosis.”
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---. Capital, Vol. I. Translated by
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