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CONTRADICTION, CRITIQUE, AND DIALECTIC IN ADORNO A ...

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Foucault identifies in “Nietzsche, la généalogie, l’histoire” as the two pivot points of<br />

genealogical analysis.<br />

Foucault emphasizes that the geneaological method “s’oppose à la recherche de<br />

l’«origine»” 275 in the sense of Ursprung—that is the search for a pure, stable, ultimate<br />

foundation of things or an ultimate meaning to the development of history. But Foucault<br />

argues that genealogy is concerned precisely with origins in two different senses of the<br />

term: in the sense of Herkunft and Entstehung. Herkunft refers to the provenance of<br />

something: its descent from a specific group, tradition, taboo, instinctual order, etc.<br />

Entstehung, on the other hand, refers to the emergence of something new through an<br />

accumulation of accidents, errors, and contingent events whose coming together with pre-<br />

existing conditions results in a qualitatively new element. These two elements, Herkunft<br />

and Entstehung, correspond to what I identified in Adorno as the element of the natural,<br />

on the one hand, and the properly ‘historical’ and contingent, on the other.<br />

On the one hand, Herkunft, Foucault argues, results in a history that is inscribed in<br />

the body, the instincts, and the desires and inclinations of inner nature:<br />

La provenance tient au corps. Elle s’inscrit dans le système nerveux, dans<br />

‘humeur, dans l’appareil digestif. Mauvaise respiration, mauvaise alimentation,<br />

corps débile et affaissé de ceux dont les ancêtres ont commis des erreurs ; que les<br />

pères prennent les effets pour les causes, croient à la réalité de l’au-delà ou posent<br />

la valeur de l’éternel, et c’est le corps des enfants qui en pâtira. Lâcheté,<br />

hypocrisie - simples rejetons de l’erreur ; non pas au sens socratique, non parce<br />

qu’il faut se tromper pour être méchant, non point parce qu’on s’est détourné de<br />

l’originaire vérité, mais parce que c’est le corps qui porte, dans sa vie et sa mort,<br />

275 Foucault, Michel, “Nietzsche, la généalogie, l’histoire,” in Dits et Ecrits, vol. II (Paris:<br />

Gallimard), pp. 137.<br />

294

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