The Effects of Sanction Intensity on Criminal Conduct - JDAI Helpdesk

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C. TREATMENT-COMPARISON CODING SHEET Instructions: If the study reports on multiple treatment-comparison contrasts, or multiple treatments compared to a single comparison group, each contrast should be coded on separate Treatment-Comparison Coding Sheets. Only independent evaluations should be included in analyses (i.e., multiple treatment groups should not have overlapping participants). Identifying Information C1. Study ID: studid C2. Module ID: modid C3. Coder initials: comod Program Details C4. Description <strong>of</strong> what happens to treatment group: txdesc C5. Description <strong>of</strong> what happens to control group: cxldesc C6. Primary program type: progtype 1. Increase in probation intensity 2. Decrease in probation intensity 8. Other: C6a. If increased intensity, what was the precise nature <strong>of</strong> the program? 1. ‘Front door’ prison diversion (probation instead <strong>of</strong> prison) 2. ‘Backdoor’ prison diversion (early release from prison) 3. Enhanced probation 4. Enhanced parole 5. Enhanced probation and parole 8. Other: 185 progdesc C6b. Primary program components (indicate whether present or not): Program increases ratio <strong>of</strong> clients to probation <strong>of</strong>ficers 1. Yes 0. No progir Program decreases ratio <strong>of</strong> clients to probation <strong>of</strong>ficers 1. Yes 0. No progdr Program increases frequency <strong>of</strong> contact with probation <strong>of</strong>ficer 1. Yes 0. No progif Program decreases frequency <strong>of</strong> contact with probation <strong>of</strong>ficer 1. Yes 0. No progdf Program increases drug testing requirements 1. Yes 0. No progidt Program decreases drug testing requirements 1. Yes 0. No progddt Other: 1. Yes 0. No progoth C6c. If Yes for any <strong>of</strong> the above, state exact numbers if available (999 if not): Control ratio: / Treatment ratio: racxl/ratx Control freq: / Treatment freq: frcxl/frtx Control drug tests: / Treatment drug tests: drcxl/drtx
Other: txcxloth C6d. Additional program components (indicate whether present or not): Curfew 1. Yes 0. No addcomp_curf Drug treatment 1. Yes 0. No addcomp_drug Electronic monitoring 1. Yes 0. No addcomp_em Employment program/assistance 1. Yes 0. No addcomp_cmpl Halfway house 1. Yes 0. No addcomp_hh Home visits 1. Yes 0. No addcomp_hv House arrest 1. Yes 0. No addcomp_harr Offense-specific treatment 1. Yes 0. No addcomp_<strong>of</strong>ftx (e.g., sex <strong>of</strong>fender treatment) Other treatment 1. Yes 0. No addcomp_tx Other: 1. Yes 0. No addcomp_oth C7. What happened to the comparison group? cxltype 1. ‘Supervision as usual’ 8. Other: C8. Was supervision for treatment group provided by anyone other than probation <strong>of</strong>ficer? posup 0. No 1. Yes (explain): 9. Don’t know/can’t tell C9. Length <strong>of</strong> intervention in months (weeks/4.3): Minimum: Maximum: Mean: Fixed (same for all subjects): txlmin txlmax txlmn txlfix C10. Did the intervention follow a set protocol? txprot 0. No 1. Yes 9. Don’t know/can’t tell C11. What supervision philosophy was stated? txphil 1. Control/surveillance 8. Other: 2. Treatment 3. Hybrid 9. Don’t know/not stated C12. Did the intervention remain consistent over time? txcons 0. No 1. Yes 9. Don’t know/can’t tell Methodological Rigor C13. Control variables used in statistical analyses to account for initial group differences? 0. No cxlvars 1. Yes C14. Subject-level matching? matched 186
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University of Penn
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In memory of Edwar
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Janel McCaffrey and Knakiya Hagans,
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traditional practice, we find no ev
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Methodology .......................
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Effect
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intensity makes no difference to re
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isk of committing
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impact of probatio
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which perhaps suggests that ISP is
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program intended to reduce the stra
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supervision with probation
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3. To what extent do the risk/need
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Methods Scale (SMS: Farrington et a
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Types of Outcomes
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Description of met
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actual behavior. We analyze technic
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Treatment of quali
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treatment group, and those to the r
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Discussion of Resu
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were evaluated in the same report (
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direction of effec
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To what extent does program philoso
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Which other components of</
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.450; technical violations: Q B < .
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it should be noted that those progr
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up in unpublished reports than thos
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violations first went before a judg
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2 One U.S. estimate indicates that
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Tables Table 1.1: Characteristics <
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Table 1.3: Moderator Variable <stro
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Table 1.4: Moderator Variable <stro
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Figures Figure 1.1: Effect
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Figure 1.5: Effect of</stro
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CHAPTER 2. ‘Low-Intensity
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What Works in Probation Supervision
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to do with it. Furthermore, the mor
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to the New York City and Oregon stu
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Barnes et al. (forthcoming) have su
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paradox.” He suggests that ‘not
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fatal shootings in Philadelphia are
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the proportions of
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Interventions and Follow-Up Probati
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officers more <str
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1. Does the effect of</stro
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all, resulting in a large number <s
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Differential treatment take-up and
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control group members who received
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effect of LIS on r
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incarcerated must also be removed f
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offenders in our s
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ecidivists in the sample, 77 commit
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(IRR = 1.41, p ≤ .107). SES did n
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probability of fai
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The count model ou
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estimate is also practically identi
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twice the risk of
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an end. On the other hand, research
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low-intensity supervision would imp
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Conclusion The aim
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We found that low-risk of</
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7 LIS participants who were transfe
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Tables Table 2.1: Sample Characteri
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Table 2.3: Frequency of</st
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Table 2.5: Instrumental Variables M
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Table 2.7: Prevalence of</s
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Table 2.9: Time to Failure (Violent
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Table 2.12: Treatment Effect by Sub
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Table 2.14: Frequency of</s
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Table 2.16: Instrumental Variables
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Figures Figure 2.1: Risk-Based Allo
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Figure 2.5: Survival Time for LIS E
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CHAPTER 3. Risk Prediction for Effe
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sensitivity of the
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Page 151 and 152: weight information in an appropriat
Page 153 and 154: statistical model that would predic
Page 155 and 156: The Philadelphia m
Page 157 and 158: assignment pool. Backfill probation
Page 159 and 160: Little research has been done on th
Page 161 and 162: already predicted to be at low risk
Page 163 and 164: It assumes that if of</stro
Page 165 and 166: involved. Crimes that obviously met
Page 167 and 168: We examine the potential interactio
Page 169 and 170: age is based on this date regardles
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Page 173 and 174: of low-intensity s
Page 175 and 176: classified as low risk. The
Page 177 and 178: All the risk ratios in Table 3.9 in
Page 179 and 180: 0.55. Raising the threshold results
Page 181 and 182: are partly selected on the basis <s
Page 183 and 184: make up the majority of</st
Page 185 and 186: strategy allows probation o
Page 187 and 188: Notes 1 In this study, murder, atte
Page 189 and 190: Table 3.2: Sample Characteristics (
Page 191 and 192: Table 3.6: Predictive Ability at Al
Page 193 and 194: Table 3.9: Post-Random Assignment O
Page 195 and 196: APPENDICES Appendix A: Systematic R
Page 197 and 198: combination. The s
Page 199: B. ELIGIBILITY CHECKLIST B1. First
Page 203 and 204: D. SAMPLE LEVEL CODING SHEET Instru
Page 205 and 206: E. DEPENDENT VARIABLE CODING SHEET
Page 207 and 208: F14. Comparison group sample size f
Page 209 and 210: weight w is then recalculated (6),
Page 211 and 212: Study Sheffield (Males) 1976 (Folka
Page 213 and 214: Study Dallas TX 1992 (Turner & Pete
Page 215 and 216: Study Minnesota ISR 1995 (Deschenes
Page 217 and 218: Study Clark WA 2003 (Barnoski, 2003
Page 219 and 220: Study Whatcom WA 2003 (Barnoski, 20
Page 221 and 222: Study Los Angeles CA 2005 (Zhang &
Page 223 and 224: Fed. Prob., 56, 12-17. Turner, Pete
Page 225 and 226: Study Reference Benekos & Sonnenber
Page 227 and 228: Study Reference Giblin (2002) Using
Page 229 and 230: Study Reference Lasater et al. (n.d
Page 231 and 232: Study Reference Robertson (2000) Co
Page 233 and 234: Study Reference Turner & Greene (19
Page 235 and 236: Appendix E: Philadelphia APPD Low-<
Page 237 and 238: Prevalence of Reci
Page 239 and 240: Frequency of Recid
Page 241 and 242: Instrumental Variables Model: Preva
Page 243 and 244: Instrumental Variables Model: Preva
Page 245 and 246: Post-RA Months in Jail and Probabil
Page 247 and 248: Scaled Schoenfeld Residuals Time =
Page 249 and 250: BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapter 1 ** Denotes t
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Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (197
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Glaze, L. E, & Bonczar, T. P. (2009
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MacKenzie, D. L. (2006a). What work
Page 257 and 258:
Petersilia, J., Turner, S., & Desch
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safety first: 13 strategies for suc
Page 261 and 262:
Wilson, D. B. (2010). Meta-analysis
Page 263 and 264:
Angrist, J. D. (2006). Instrumental
Page 265 and 266:
Clear, T. R., & Hardyman, P. L. (19
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period266.pdf Lowenkamp, C. T., Lat
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Rosch, J. (2006). Deviant peer cont
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Taxman, F. S., & Thanner, M. (2006)
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statistical learning. Journal <stro
Page 275 and 276:
Federal Bureau of
Page 277 and 278:
Marsh, K., & Fox, C., (2008). <stro
Page 279:
Sherman, L. W. (1993). Defiance, de
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