The Effects of Sanction Intensity on Criminal Conduct - JDAI Helpdesk

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Proportion <strong>of</strong> studies with characteristic
Quasi-Experiments Total
(N=9) (N=47)
Experiments
(N=38)
Sample Characteristics
Age <strong>of</strong> sample b
Juveniles 42.1 44.4 42.6
Youth and adults 52.6 55.6 53.2
Gender c
All males 29.0 44.4 31.9
All females 5.3 0.0 4.3
Mixed 34.2 55.6 38.3
Offender risk level
High/mostly high risk 71.1 77.8 72.3
Mixed risk levels/no
29.0 22.2 27.7
assessment
Outcome Characteristics
Arrest outcomes reported 55.3 77.8 59.6
Technical violation outcomes
42.1 77.8 48.9
reported
Conviction outcomes reported 71.1 55.6 68.1
Other outcomes available 39.5 0.0 31.9
Length <strong>of</strong> follow-up period
12 months or less 60.5 88.9 66.0
More than 12 months 39.5 11.1 34.0
Some sections do not add up to 100% due to rounding or missing data.
b Data not reported in 2 studies.
c Data not reported in 12 studies.
Table 1.2: Overall Mean Effect Sizes for Crime Outcomes
N
Mean 95% C.I.
OR Lower Upper
Q
RCTs
Arrests 21 .93 .74 1.17 61.55***
Convictions 27 .98 .85 1.13 20.38
Technical violations 16 1.54 .99 2.39 120.11***
Drug arrests 11 1.18 .86 1.61 11.50
Quasi-experiments
Arrests 7 .83 .66 1.04 7.55
Convictions 5 .60 .33 1.11 22.74***
Technical violations 7 1.29 .86 1.94 18.91**
** p ≤ .01; *** p ≤ .001.
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