The Effects of Sanction Intensity on Criminal Conduct - JDAI Helpdesk
The Effects of Sanction Intensity on Criminal Conduct - JDAI Helpdesk
The Effects of Sanction Intensity on Criminal Conduct - JDAI Helpdesk
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Study<br />
Whatcom<br />
WA 2003<br />
(Barnoski,<br />
2003)<br />
San<br />
Francisco<br />
2008<br />
(Guydish<br />
et al.,<br />
2008)<br />
Hawaii<br />
HOPE<br />
RCT 2009<br />
(Hawken<br />
&<br />
Kleiman,<br />
2009)<br />
New<br />
Jersey<br />
1988<br />
(Pears<strong>on</strong>,<br />
1988)<br />
Research<br />
Design<br />
Randomized<br />
c<strong>on</strong>trolled<br />
trial<br />
Randomized<br />
c<strong>on</strong>trolled<br />
trial<br />
Randomized<br />
c<strong>on</strong>trolled<br />
trial<br />
Quasiexperiment<br />
(matched<br />
sample<br />
design) –<br />
“Close OTI”<br />
<strong>on</strong>ly.<br />
Populati<strong>on</strong><br />
High risk, first<br />
time juvenile<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fenders.<br />
Adult female<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fenders with<br />
substance abuse<br />
problem.<br />
Drug involved<br />
probati<strong>on</strong>ers at<br />
high risk <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
failing probati<strong>on</strong>.<br />
Mostly male,<br />
c<strong>on</strong>victed <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
serious<br />
n<strong>on</strong>violent<br />
fel<strong>on</strong>ies and<br />
previously<br />
incarcerated.<br />
Interventi<strong>on</strong><br />
25:1 caseload, team approach to<br />
supervisi<strong>on</strong>, individualized case<br />
plans for accountability and<br />
services. Programs varied across<br />
sites.<br />
50:1 caseload, 2 <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fice, home, or<br />
ph<strong>on</strong>e c<strong>on</strong>tacts per m<strong>on</strong>th.<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>rapeutic/<br />
advocacy orientati<strong>on</strong>, service<br />
referral, counseling, treatment,<br />
employment assistance.<br />
Increased drug testing: random<br />
tests at least <strong>on</strong>ce a week with<br />
brief incarcerati<strong>on</strong> and n<strong>on</strong>revocati<strong>on</strong><br />
for failure.<br />
No explicit caseload size or<br />
c<strong>on</strong>tact requirements. Intensive<br />
surveillance and services. Median<br />
31 face-to-face c<strong>on</strong>tacts, drug tests<br />
and curfew checks per m<strong>on</strong>th.<br />
Community service, employment,<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fense-specific treatment.<br />
Comparis<strong>on</strong><br />
Traditi<strong>on</strong>al<br />
probati<strong>on</strong><br />
supervisi<strong>on</strong>, 30-<br />
100:1 caseload<br />
(varied across<br />
sites).<br />
100-150:1<br />
caseload,<br />
traditi<strong>on</strong>al<br />
probati<strong>on</strong><br />
supervisi<strong>on</strong>.<br />
Routine<br />
probati<strong>on</strong> with<br />
m<strong>on</strong>thly drug<br />
tests as part <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
c<strong>on</strong>tact schedule.<br />
Ordinary parole.<br />
No further<br />
details, except<br />
that c<strong>on</strong>tact<br />
frequency was<br />
much lower than<br />
treatment group<br />
levels.<br />
Outcome<br />
Treatment<br />
group more<br />
likely to fail <strong>on</strong><br />
fel<strong>on</strong>y<br />
c<strong>on</strong>victi<strong>on</strong>s.<br />
Treatment<br />
group more<br />
likely to fail <strong>on</strong><br />
new arrests.<br />
Treatment<br />
group less likely<br />
to fail <strong>on</strong> new<br />
arrests.<br />
Treatment<br />
group less likely<br />
to fail <strong>on</strong><br />
c<strong>on</strong>victi<strong>on</strong>s<br />
after two years.<br />
204