The Effects of Sanction Intensity on Criminal Conduct - JDAI Helpdesk

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Neithercutt, M. G., & Gottfredson, D. M. (1974). Case load size variation and difference in probation/parole performance. NCJ 016576. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice. Retrieved from http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/ abstract.aspx?ID=16576 Paparozzi, M. A., & Gendreau, P. (2005). An intensive supervision program that worked: Service delivery, pr<strong>of</strong>essional orientation, and organizational supportiveness. <strong>The</strong> Prison Journal, 85, 445-466. doi:10.1177/0032885505281529 Paternoster, R., Saltzman, L. E., Waldo, G. P., & Chiricos, T. G. (1983). Perceived risk and social control: Do sanctions really deter? Law & Society Review, 17, 457-480. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3053589 Petersilia, J. (1997). Probation in the United States. Crime & Justice, 22, 149-200. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1147573 Petersilia, J., & Turner, S. (1990). Intensive supervision for high-risk probationers: Findings from three California experiments. Santa Monica, CA: <strong>The</strong> Rand Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/2007/R3936.pdf Petersilia, J., & Turner, S. (1993). Intensive probation and parole. Crime & Justice, 17, 281-335. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1147553 253
Rosch, J. (2006). Deviant peer contagion: Findings from the Duke Executive Sessions on Deviant Peer Contagion. <strong>The</strong> Link, 5(2), Child Welfare League <strong>of</strong> America. Retrieved from http://www.cwla.org/programs/juvenilejustice/thelink2006fall.pdf Sarkisian, N. (2009). Topics in multivariate analysis: Count data models. Retrieved February 3, 2010, from http://www.sarkisian.net/sc704/count.pdf. Schmidt, J. D., & Sherman, L. W. (1993). Does arrest deter domestic violence? American Behavioral Scientist, 36, 601-610. doi: 10.1177/0002764293036005005 Shapland, J., Atkinson, A., Atkinson, H., Dignan, J., Edwards, L., Hibbert, J., Howes, M., Johnstone, J., Robinson, G., & Sorsby, A. (2008). Does restorative justice affect reconviction? <strong>The</strong> fourth report from the evaluation <strong>of</strong> three schemes. Ministry <strong>of</strong> Justice Research Series 10/08. London, U.K.: Ministry <strong>of</strong> Justice. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov.uk/restorative-justice-report_06-08.pdf Sherman, L. W. (1993). Defiance, deterrence, and irrelevance: A theory <strong>of</strong> the criminal sanction. Journal <strong>of</strong> Research in Crime & Delinquency, 30, 445-473. doi:10.1177/ 0022427893030004006. Sherman, L. W. (2007). <strong>The</strong> power few: Experimental criminology and the reduction <strong>of</strong> harm. Journal <strong>of</strong> Experimental Criminology, 3, 299-321. doi:10.1007/s11292- 007-9044-y 254
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University of Penn
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In memory of Edwar
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Janel McCaffrey and Knakiya Hagans,
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traditional practice, we find no ev
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Methodology .......................
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Effect
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intensity makes no difference to re
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isk of committing
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impact of probatio
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which perhaps suggests that ISP is
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program intended to reduce the stra
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supervision with probation
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3. To what extent do the risk/need
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Methods Scale (SMS: Farrington et a
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Types of Outcomes
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Description of met
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actual behavior. We analyze technic
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Treatment of quali
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treatment group, and those to the r
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Discussion of Resu
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were evaluated in the same report (
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direction of effec
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To what extent does program philoso
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Which other components of</
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.450; technical violations: Q B < .
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it should be noted that those progr
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up in unpublished reports than thos
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violations first went before a judg
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2 One U.S. estimate indicates that
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Tables Table 1.1: Characteristics <
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Table 1.3: Moderator Variable <stro
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Table 1.4: Moderator Variable <stro
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Figures Figure 1.1: Effect
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Figure 1.5: Effect of</stro
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CHAPTER 2. ‘Low-Intensity
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What Works in Probation Supervision
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to do with it. Furthermore, the mor
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to the New York City and Oregon stu
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Barnes et al. (forthcoming) have su
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paradox.” He suggests that ‘not
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fatal shootings in Philadelphia are
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the proportions of
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Interventions and Follow-Up Probati
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officers more <str
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1. Does the effect of</stro
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all, resulting in a large number <s
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Differential treatment take-up and
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control group members who received
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effect of LIS on r
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incarcerated must also be removed f
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offenders in our s
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ecidivists in the sample, 77 commit
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(IRR = 1.41, p ≤ .107). SES did n
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probability of fai
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The count model ou
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estimate is also practically identi
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twice the risk of
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an end. On the other hand, research
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low-intensity supervision would imp
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Conclusion The aim
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We found that low-risk of</
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7 LIS participants who were transfe
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Tables Table 2.1: Sample Characteri
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Table 2.3: Frequency of</st
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Table 2.5: Instrumental Variables M
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Table 2.7: Prevalence of</s
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Table 2.9: Time to Failure (Violent
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Table 2.12: Treatment Effect by Sub
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Table 2.14: Frequency of</s
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Table 2.16: Instrumental Variables
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Figures Figure 2.1: Risk-Based Allo
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Figure 2.5: Survival Time for LIS E
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CHAPTER 3. Risk Prediction for Effe
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sensitivity of the
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Programs should be designed to adhe
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weight information in an appropriat
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statistical model that would predic
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The Philadelphia m
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assignment pool. Backfill probation
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Little research has been done on th
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already predicted to be at low risk
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It assumes that if of</stro
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involved. Crimes that obviously met
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We examine the potential interactio
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age is based on this date regardles
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obberies. The only
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of low-intensity s
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classified as low risk. The
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All the risk ratios in Table 3.9 in
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0.55. Raising the threshold results
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are partly selected on the basis <s
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make up the majority of</st
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strategy allows probation o
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Notes 1 In this study, murder, atte
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Table 3.2: Sample Characteristics (
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Table 3.6: Predictive Ability at Al
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Table 3.9: Post-Random Assignment O
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APPENDICES Appendix A: Systematic R
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combination. The s
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B. ELIGIBILITY CHECKLIST B1. First
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Other: txcxloth C6d. Additional pro
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D. SAMPLE LEVEL CODING SHEET Instru
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E. DEPENDENT VARIABLE CODING SHEET
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F14. Comparison group sample size f
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weight w is then recalculated (6),
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Study Sheffield (Males) 1976 (Folka
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Study Dallas TX 1992 (Turner & Pete
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Study Minnesota ISR 1995 (Deschenes
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Page 219 and 220: Study Whatcom WA 2003 (Barnoski, 20
Page 221 and 222: Study Los Angeles CA 2005 (Zhang &
Page 223 and 224: Fed. Prob., 56, 12-17. Turner, Pete
Page 225 and 226: Study Reference Benekos & Sonnenber
Page 227 and 228: Study Reference Giblin (2002) Using
Page 229 and 230: Study Reference Lasater et al. (n.d
Page 231 and 232: Study Reference Robertson (2000) Co
Page 233 and 234: Study Reference Turner & Greene (19
Page 235 and 236: Appendix E: Philadelphia APPD Low-<
Page 237 and 238: Prevalence of Reci
Page 239 and 240: Frequency of Recid
Page 241 and 242: Instrumental Variables Model: Preva
Page 243 and 244: Instrumental Variables Model: Preva
Page 245 and 246: Post-RA Months in Jail and Probabil
Page 247 and 248: Scaled Schoenfeld Residuals Time =
Page 249 and 250: BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapter 1 ** Denotes t
Page 251 and 252: Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (197
Page 253 and 254: Glaze, L. E, & Bonczar, T. P. (2009
Page 255 and 256: MacKenzie, D. L. (2006a). What work
Page 257 and 258: Petersilia, J., Turner, S., & Desch
Page 259 and 260: safety first: 13 strategies for suc
Page 261 and 262: Wilson, D. B. (2010). Meta-analysis
Page 263 and 264: Angrist, J. D. (2006). Instrumental
Page 265 and 266: Clear, T. R., & Hardyman, P. L. (19
Page 267: period266.pdf Lowenkamp, C. T., Lat
Page 271 and 272: Taxman, F. S., & Thanner, M. (2006)
Page 273 and 274: statistical learning. Journal <stro
Page 275 and 276: Federal Bureau of
Page 277 and 278: Marsh, K., & Fox, C., (2008). <stro
Page 279: Sherman, L. W. (1993). Defiance, de
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