The Effects of Sanction Intensity on Criminal Conduct - JDAI Helpdesk

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D14. Race/ethnicity <strong>of</strong> sample (999 if unknown): % Asian: rasian % Native American: rnative % Black: rblack % White: rwhite % Hispanic: rhisp % Other: rother D15. General <strong>of</strong>fender type: <strong>of</strong>ftype 1. Violent and/or person crimes 6. Specialized caseload: mental health 2. Nonviolent and/or nonperson crimes 7. Specialized: domestic violence 3. Mixed: violent/nonviolent 8. Other: 4. Specialized caseload: drugs 5. Specialized caseload: sex <strong>of</strong>fenders 9. Don’t know/can’t tell D16. Composition <strong>of</strong> supervised <strong>of</strong>fenders: <strong>of</strong>fcomp 1. All probationers 2. All parolees 3. Probationers and parolees D16a. If combination <strong>of</strong> probationers and parolees (999 if unknown): % probation: pcpro % parole: pcpar D17. Probationer/parolee risk level: <strong>of</strong>frisk 1. Low risk 6. All risk levels 2. Medium risk 7. No risk assessment 3. High risk 8. Other: 4. Low and medium risks 5. Medium and high risks 9. Don’t know/can’t tell D18. How was risk determined? riskjmt 1. Statistical model 5. Classification instrument 2. Prior convictions 7. N/A 3. Instant <strong>of</strong>fense 8. Other: 4. Judgment <strong>of</strong> probation <strong>of</strong>ficer/intake 9. Don’t know/can’t tell D19. Probationer/parolee need level: <strong>of</strong>fneed 1. Low need 6. All need levels 2. Medium need 7. No need assessment 3. High need 8. Other: 4. Low and medium need 5. Medium and high need 9. Don’t know/can’t tell 189
E. DEPENDENT VARIABLE CODING SHEET Instructions: Code each dependent variable reported in the study separately. <strong>The</strong> same dependent variable measured at multiple times should be coded only once. For non-crime outcomes, code only items E6, E9, and E10. Identifying Information E1. Study ID: studid E2. Module ID: modid E3. Sample ID: sampid E4. Outcome ID: outid E5. Coder initials: coout Outcome Information E6. Outcome label (label used in the report): outlab E7. Recidivism construct represented by this measure: rconst 1. Arrest 5. Probation revocation 2. Charge 6. Incarceration 3. Conviction 8. Other: 4. Technical violation E8. Offense types included in recidivism measure: All <strong>of</strong>fenses (‘No’ for others) 1. Yes 0. No oall Drug <strong>of</strong>fenses 1. Yes 0. No odrug Person <strong>of</strong>fenses, sexual 1. Yes 0. No opsx Person <strong>of</strong>fenses, nonsexual 1. Yes 0. No opnsx Person <strong>of</strong>fenses, unspecified 1. Yes 0. No opuns Property <strong>of</strong>fenses 1. Yes 0. No oprop Weapons <strong>of</strong>fenses 1. Yes 0. No oweap Driving <strong>of</strong>fenses 1. Yes 0. No odriv Technical or status <strong>of</strong>fenses 1. Yes 0. No otech Other: 1. Yes 0. No ooth E9. Measurement scale: mscale 1. Dichotomous 3. 4-9 discrete ordinal categories 2. Trichotomous 4. >9 discrete ordinal categories/continuous E10. Source <strong>of</strong> data: dsrce 1. Self-report 8. Other: 2. Other report (e.g., probation <strong>of</strong>ficer) 9. Don’t know/can’t tell 3. Official records (police, probation, court, etc.) E11. Length <strong>of</strong> follow-up period: fulng 1. < 6 months 4. > 2 years 2. 6-12 months 8. No follow-up 3. > 1, < 2 years 9. Don’t know/can’t tell E12. Is cost/benefit data for the program included in the study? 1. Yes 0. No 190
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University of Penn
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In memory of Edwar
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Janel McCaffrey and Knakiya Hagans,
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traditional practice, we find no ev
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Methodology .......................
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Effect
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intensity makes no difference to re
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isk of committing
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impact of probatio
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which perhaps suggests that ISP is
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program intended to reduce the stra
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supervision with probation
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3. To what extent do the risk/need
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Methods Scale (SMS: Farrington et a
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Types of Outcomes
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Description of met
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actual behavior. We analyze technic
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Treatment of quali
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treatment group, and those to the r
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Discussion of Resu
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were evaluated in the same report (
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direction of effec
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To what extent does program philoso
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Which other components of</
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.450; technical violations: Q B < .
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it should be noted that those progr
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up in unpublished reports than thos
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violations first went before a judg
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2 One U.S. estimate indicates that
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Tables Table 1.1: Characteristics <
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Table 1.3: Moderator Variable <stro
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Table 1.4: Moderator Variable <stro
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Figures Figure 1.1: Effect
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Figure 1.5: Effect of</stro
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CHAPTER 2. ‘Low-Intensity
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What Works in Probation Supervision
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to do with it. Furthermore, the mor
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to the New York City and Oregon stu
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Barnes et al. (forthcoming) have su
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paradox.” He suggests that ‘not
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fatal shootings in Philadelphia are
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the proportions of
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Interventions and Follow-Up Probati
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officers more <str
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1. Does the effect of</stro
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all, resulting in a large number <s
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Differential treatment take-up and
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control group members who received
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effect of LIS on r
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incarcerated must also be removed f
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offenders in our s
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ecidivists in the sample, 77 commit
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(IRR = 1.41, p ≤ .107). SES did n
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probability of fai
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The count model ou
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estimate is also practically identi
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twice the risk of
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an end. On the other hand, research
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low-intensity supervision would imp
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Conclusion The aim
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We found that low-risk of</
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7 LIS participants who were transfe
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Tables Table 2.1: Sample Characteri
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Table 2.3: Frequency of</st
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Table 2.5: Instrumental Variables M
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Table 2.7: Prevalence of</s
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Table 2.9: Time to Failure (Violent
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Table 2.12: Treatment Effect by Sub
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Table 2.14: Frequency of</s
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Table 2.16: Instrumental Variables
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Figures Figure 2.1: Risk-Based Allo
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Figure 2.5: Survival Time for LIS E
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CHAPTER 3. Risk Prediction for Effe
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sensitivity of the
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Programs should be designed to adhe
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weight information in an appropriat
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Page 157 and 158: assignment pool. Backfill probation
Page 159 and 160: Little research has been done on th
Page 161 and 162: already predicted to be at low risk
Page 163 and 164: It assumes that if of</stro
Page 165 and 166: involved. Crimes that obviously met
Page 167 and 168: We examine the potential interactio
Page 169 and 170: age is based on this date regardles
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Page 173 and 174: of low-intensity s
Page 175 and 176: classified as low risk. The
Page 177 and 178: All the risk ratios in Table 3.9 in
Page 179 and 180: 0.55. Raising the threshold results
Page 181 and 182: are partly selected on the basis <s
Page 183 and 184: make up the majority of</st
Page 185 and 186: strategy allows probation o
Page 187 and 188: Notes 1 In this study, murder, atte
Page 189 and 190: Table 3.2: Sample Characteristics (
Page 191 and 192: Table 3.6: Predictive Ability at Al
Page 193 and 194: Table 3.9: Post-Random Assignment O
Page 195 and 196: APPENDICES Appendix A: Systematic R
Page 197 and 198: combination. The s
Page 199 and 200: B. ELIGIBILITY CHECKLIST B1. First
Page 201 and 202: Other: txcxloth C6d. Additional pro
Page 203: D. SAMPLE LEVEL CODING SHEET Instru
Page 207 and 208: F14. Comparison group sample size f
Page 209 and 210: weight w is then recalculated (6),
Page 211 and 212: Study Sheffield (Males) 1976 (Folka
Page 213 and 214: Study Dallas TX 1992 (Turner & Pete
Page 215 and 216: Study Minnesota ISR 1995 (Deschenes
Page 217 and 218: Study Clark WA 2003 (Barnoski, 2003
Page 219 and 220: Study Whatcom WA 2003 (Barnoski, 20
Page 221 and 222: Study Los Angeles CA 2005 (Zhang &
Page 223 and 224: Fed. Prob., 56, 12-17. Turner, Pete
Page 225 and 226: Study Reference Benekos & Sonnenber
Page 227 and 228: Study Reference Giblin (2002) Using
Page 229 and 230: Study Reference Lasater et al. (n.d
Page 231 and 232: Study Reference Robertson (2000) Co
Page 233 and 234: Study Reference Turner & Greene (19
Page 235 and 236: Appendix E: Philadelphia APPD Low-<
Page 237 and 238: Prevalence of Reci
Page 239 and 240: Frequency of Recid
Page 241 and 242: Instrumental Variables Model: Preva
Page 243 and 244: Instrumental Variables Model: Preva
Page 245 and 246: Post-RA Months in Jail and Probabil
Page 247 and 248: Scaled Schoenfeld Residuals Time =
Page 249 and 250: BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapter 1 ** Denotes t
Page 251 and 252: Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (197
Page 253 and 254: Glaze, L. E, & Bonczar, T. P. (2009
Page 255 and 256:
MacKenzie, D. L. (2006a). What work
Page 257 and 258:
Petersilia, J., Turner, S., & Desch
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safety first: 13 strategies for suc
Page 261 and 262:
Wilson, D. B. (2010). Meta-analysis
Page 263 and 264:
Angrist, J. D. (2006). Instrumental
Page 265 and 266:
Clear, T. R., & Hardyman, P. L. (19
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period266.pdf Lowenkamp, C. T., Lat
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Rosch, J. (2006). Deviant peer cont
Page 271 and 272:
Taxman, F. S., & Thanner, M. (2006)
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statistical learning. Journal <stro
Page 275 and 276:
Federal Bureau of
Page 277 and 278:
Marsh, K., & Fox, C., (2008). <stro
Page 279:
Sherman, L. W. (1993). Defiance, de
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