The Effects of Sanction Intensity on Criminal Conduct - JDAI Helpdesk
The Effects of Sanction Intensity on Criminal Conduct - JDAI Helpdesk
The Effects of Sanction Intensity on Criminal Conduct - JDAI Helpdesk
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Instrumental Variables Model: Prevalence <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Recidivism (Violent Offenses, 2-Year<br />
Follow-Up, Original Table 2.11)<br />
First Stage<br />
Treatment Take-Up<br />
Reduced Form (ITT)<br />
Post-RA Violent Off.<br />
Observati<strong>on</strong>s = 1,559 Observati<strong>on</strong>s = 1,559<br />
R 2 = .654 R 2 = .028<br />
Adjusted R 2 = .650 Adjusted R 2 = .017<br />
Instruments b (S.E.) b (S.E.)<br />
Assigned LIS .818 (.089)*** -.089 (.065)<br />
Assigned LIS*West -.083 (.035)* .018 (.026)<br />
Assigned LIS*Male .014 (.032) .007 (.023)<br />
Assigned LIS*White -.022 (.038) .051 (.028)<br />
Assigned LIS*Age -.001 (.001) -.000 (.001)<br />
Assigned LIS*Income20 .034 (.058) .065 (.042)<br />
Assigned LIS*Income30 .085 (.061) .058 (.045)<br />
Assigned LIS*Income40 .036 (.067) .031 (.049)<br />
Assigned LIS*Prior <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fending -.011 (.100) -.093 (.073)<br />
Exogenous<br />
West probati<strong>on</strong> regi<strong>on</strong> .055 (.025)* -.027 (.018)<br />
Male .004 (.023) .045 (.017)**<br />
White .007 (.027) -.025 (.020)<br />
Age at RA .001 (.001) -.002 (.001)*<br />
Income $20,000-$29,999 -.007 (.040) -.053 (.029)<br />
Income $30,000-$39,999 -.014 (.042) -.070 (.031)*<br />
Income $40,000 or more -.006 (.047) -.079 (.034)*<br />
M<strong>on</strong>thly <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fending rate 1 year<br />
pre-RA (violent <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fense)<br />
-.055 (.083) .111 (.061)<br />
C<strong>on</strong>stant -.053 (.064) .167 (.047)***<br />
* p ≤ .05; ** p ≤ .01; *** p ≤ .001.<br />
Sec<strong>on</strong>d-Stage Instrumental Number <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> observati<strong>on</strong>s = 1,559<br />
Variables Regressi<strong>on</strong> Wald χ 2 (9 d.f.) = 35.44<br />
Pr > χ 2 = .000<br />
New Charged Violent Off. R 2 = .023<br />
Term b S. E z p<br />
Predicted treatment take-up -.008 .014 -.61 .541<br />
C<strong>on</strong>stant .128 .033 3.91 .000<br />
C<strong>on</strong>trolling for regi<strong>on</strong>, gender, race, age, SES and <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fending history.<br />
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