PIOJ Growth-Inducement Strategy - Planning Institute of Jamaica

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E ____________________ Human Resources: Training and Certification 65 1.0 Introduction 1.1 The Jamaican labour force continues to be characterized by low levels of training and certification; and unemployment continues to be a problem. 1.2 On the demand side of the labour market, the rate of unemployment remains high, with mounting job losses during the current recession. On the supply side, there exists significant weakness in the level of training and preparation for entry into the world of work among the early age cohorts. There is also a notable mismatch between supply of skilled labour and available jobs in segments of the labour market. 1.3 This note identifies the gaps in the education and training system as related to the labour market and offers some policy recommendations aimed to improve labour market outcomes in the short and medium term. The longer term problem of building up the human resource base starting from the earliest ages is not addressed. 2.0 Labour Demand and Supply 2.1 Table E.1 shows select labour-force indicators for the period January 2009 to July 2010. 2.2 Between January 2009 and July 2010 there was a point-to-point reduction of 28,900 persons in the employed labour force. Since the official start of the recession in October 2008, the employed labour force declined by 65,300 persons. In July 2010, the unemployment rate stood at 11.6 per cent. Employment losses were concentrated in the areas of Construction, Mining, Manufacturing, Education and the category of Private Households with Employed Persons. The diversity among these industries suggests the need for varying approaches in the effort to re-train displaced workers for adapting to emerging job opportunities. 2.3 The proportion of the labour force that is certified remained low and fairly stable over the period (an annual average of 20.1 per cent in 2009 and an average of 20.9 per cent in the first three quarters of 2010). 2.4 Table E.2 shows that the highest level of unemployment occurs among the agegroup of 25 – 34, which are the prime working years. 65 In consultation with the Human Development Unit, Social Policy Planning and Research Division, PIOJ. 169
2.5 Coexistent with the levels of unemployment is the fact that there are shortages of labour in various occupational and skill categories. A recent study 66 revealed that 69.0 per cent of organizations surveyed reported a shortage of skilled workers cutting across various occupation and industry groups. This suggests that there exists a gap in the training system that needs to be filled. 2.6 In 2008/09, total output from the terminal grades of the Secondary School system (Grades 9 and 11) was 55,694 students. Approximately 95.0 per cent of those leaving at Grades 9 were able to gain places to Grades 9 or Grade 10 of the upper cycle of the system, through the Grade Nine Achievement Test, the Junior High School Certificate Examination, Government’s purchasing of places at private schools and through parents/guardians support for their enrolment at private institutions. However, approximately 54.8 per cent of graduates of the secondary school system were deemed ill-prepared to access training or the labour market 67 . 2.7 The matriculation to tertiary institutions/labour market is five (5) CSEC subjects including English Language and Mathematics. Of the 32,568 students in public schools who sat the 2009 CSEC examination, 10,877 (33.4 percent) attained the requisite passes (Grades 1-lll) in five or more subjects including Mathematics and/or English Language. 68 Notably, 16.2 per cent of candidates in the June 2009 sitting did not pass any subject. 3.0 Current Programmes to Provide Training for the Labour Force 3.1 The Career Advancement Programme (CAP) is a youth career development initiative developed by the Ministry of Education and its agencies, including HEART Trust/NTA, National Youth Service and Jamaica Foundation of Life-long Learning. This programme is being implemented as part of the Compulsory Education Programme which would ensure that all children of ages 3-18 years are enrolled in and attending structured learning and training programmes. It provides new and expanded education and training for relevant career choices leading to NCTVET certification. Training in the Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Specialization and work experience are provided. All students are required to do courses in Entrepreneurship, Personal Development, Career Development and core subjects like Mathematics and English. The programme currently targets 7,950 youth in 53 participating schools. The CAP includes a Parallel programme catering for youth 18 – 24 years providing similarly structured learning and training programmes in schools at flexible times. 3.2 Several other organizations provide access to skills training, including HEART Trust/NTA, the National Youth Service (NYS), and the Jamaica Business Development Corporation. Expanding the number of places available for skills training has been a focus of the Government in recent years. In FY 2008/09 for example, the HEART 66 Ministry of Labour and Social Security, Labour Demand Study Report, 2010 (unpublished). 67 Based on cohort of students gaining 0-3 passes at CSEC in 2006. 68 Some 26.4 percent of the Grade 11 cohort (41, 428 students) 170
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i A GROWTH-INDUCEMENT STRATEGY FOR
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To the many ordinary Jamaicans who
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Preface The Jamaican economy has ex
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for making a determined start on th
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the private sector groups, listed b
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Citibank N.A. Jamaica Branch Grace
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need for “additional fiscal space
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Chapter 2 ________________ Summary
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1.0 The Economic Situation Today 1.
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expected to provide an essential an
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Table 2.1. The Policy Framework: A
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programme of social inclusion that
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Strategic Focus Table 2.2. Growth S
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6.0 Short-Term Growth Stimulus 6.1
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decline of 2.0 - 2.2 percentage poi
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Table 2A.2. NWA Projects To be Fast
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Table 2A.5. Community Renewal Proje
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Table 2B.3. Impact of Repairing Far
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Appendix 2C Methodology of the Grow
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Part I _________ Overview 28
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2.0 Vision 2030 Jamaica Before delv
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3.0 May 2010 Security Event and Aft
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the longer than anticipated global
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April July October January April Ju
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Three industries recorded increases
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9.0 Proposals for Growth-Stimulus I
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targeted economic and social infras
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partnering with government to disco
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3.0 Growth Inducement Strategy The
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Growth-Inducement Strategy Alignmen
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50 Part II _________ Situational An
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inadequate provision of public infr
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2.0 Macroeconomic Assessment 2.1 In
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Increased global oil consumption wa
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$4,742.0 million and $688.4 million
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Non -Traditional Domestic Exports E
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negative impact of the Jamaica Debt
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ethanol and paint, whereas lower de
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Analysis of preliminary GCT data re
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The number of ship calls to the isl
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industry was, however, estimated to
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4.0 Projected Performance 4.1 Calen
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increased marketing and extension s
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Electricity & Water For FY 2010/11,
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J$ Million Figure 5.1. Private Sect
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2011/12). These extreme weather eve
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Chapter 6 ________________ Assessme
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creates allocative inefficiencies,
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Million $ Per cent Jun-10 Mar-10 De
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Table 6.1. Employed Labour Force by
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J$ million Mar-10 Dec-09 Sep-09 Jun
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FIGURE 7: GROSS NATIONAL SAVINGS RA
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4.10.2. However, the extent of the
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Part III ____________ Analytical Fr
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functional relationship between the
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It follows that: (5) s = I/Y = [S -
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However, the existence of measureme
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(d) v* = Y*/K* This is a measure of
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in Chapter 8. The mutual interactio
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Transforming the complex set of str
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Appendix 7A A Methodological Note T
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Chapter 8 ____________________ Asse
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The DBI focuses more narrowly on qu
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to ask, is it possible to predict g
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Page 219 and 220: ight. Where we as a society fail is
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