413047-Underground-Commercial-Sex-Economy

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Table 4.5 Stakeholder Perceptions of the UCSE in Kansas City, MO Venue Street and Internet Erotic massage parlors Offender profile American-born pimps typically from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, with family members also involved in UCSE Not highly organized Chinese nationals, highly organized Employee profile Women, pimpcontrolled and non Drug use differs between Internet and street, with crack cocaine and heroin use prevalent in street markets Smuggled individuals from China Evidence of prostitution X Evidence of trafficking X Pricing Street: $20 average charge for any service, in tandem with the cost of drugs Internet: $100–300/hr. Open/Closed customer base Open Customer profile Men of all races/ ethnicities Link to gangs, drugs, weapons, or organized crime Considered central city for underground economies–drugs and sex trafficking circuits. Connections to St. Louis, Indianapolis, and Minneapolis Little gang activity X Unknown Unknown Unknown Links to organized crime in China 95
Internet and Street Similar to what was reported in the study sites, individuals involved in sex work on the street were also often advertised on the Internet. However, the main difference between those who worked only on the street versus those who worked both the street and Internet involved level of drug use. Kansas City is known as a transit city for a number of underground economies, especially drugs. There are a number of open air drug markets (mainly crack cocaine and heroin) in certain areas of the city, which is usually accompanied by street prostitution, particularly involving drug-addicted individuals. Although drug use is not exclusive to individuals working on the street, it is more prevalent among that population: Most of the Internet based girls, I mean they’ll use drugs too, but not to the extent that the street girls will use them, street girls are basically doing a trick to get a rock, they get high, when that high comes down, they’ll do another trick to get another rock and it’s basically just a vicious cycle. The other girls plan ahead a little bit more. (Kansas City Law Enforcement Official) As for the going rate on the street for a sex act, those who are heavily addicted to drugs will charge an average of $20 for anything. This would allow them to purchase a rock of crack cocaine, which has cost the same amount—$20—for the last several decades. Additionally, women and girls that work on the street are more likely to be arrested by law enforcement for prostitution: Respondent: We probably arrest, on average, 40 people a month [for prostitution]. Interviewer: And are most of them repeat Respondent: Most of the guys [pimps] are not repeat, most of the girls are. We can run the girls have 50, 60 priors for prostitution, we arrest them on the street. When we do hotel stings, it’s usually less than that, you get a lot of priors but not as many as the street girls. (Kansas City Law Enforcement Official) The Internet has brought the biggest changes to the Kansas City underground commercial sex economy. Advertisements used to be found solely in the local weekly newspaper; however, those ads have moved over to the Internet, as one law enforcement officer explained, “Obviously the biggest change is going to be printed advertisements versus computer. Secondly, chat rooms dovetail right off the computers and Backpage with the Internet ads. So that’s been our biggest leap has just been the way they advertise and how they communicate with each other.” Craigslist and Backpage are being used by out-of-town pimps and independent sex workers to post ads before traveling to Kansas City. This way they can have dates already arranged by the time they arrive in Kansas City. As for those individuals who advertise, or are advertised by a pimp, on the Internet, prices are significantly higher than what is asked for on the street. Similar to the other cities in this study, Internet prices are by the hour, whereas street prices are typically by the sex act. Internet prices range from $100 to $300 per hour. They do not charge “escort agency prices” which can be upwards of $1,000 per hour: I want to say the prices are relatively the same. On the Backpage it’s from, $100 to $300 for an hour but it’s right around in there. But it’s not really changed a whole lot lately. What we do also find is that since they’re posting on the Internet, the Internet is a little more active with girls. Girls will get their own escort page that advertises them. There’s chat rooms not just for the working girls but for the guys that visit the girls, the johns will go talk about the girls, that’s a pretty good resource for us. I’m sure the guys that go there know that we frequent that also. But it’s a big help for us—trying to locate where girls work or trying to figure out what activities they perform. A girl says I just do massages, we’ve got reviews that you do all this other stuff, it just kind of helps on the investigation. We see some of those things, add them to case files when we’re submitting cases also. (Kansas City Law Enforcement Official) 96
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R E S E A R C H R E P O R T M A R C
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Introduction and Review of the Lite
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Market Changes ....................
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Appendix G ........................
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Main Findings We highlight 17 main
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6. For offenders, the prevalence of
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Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose of t
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information about populations that
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In chapters three through eight, we
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seven sites were finalized in June
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individuals we wanted to interview.
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a total of 142 sex traffickers/pimp
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using interview data for the relati
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Table 2.2 Proxy Variables Dataset V
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Chapter 3 Methodology and Derivatio
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We also looked to estimates of the
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In this work, the LoCC will be invo
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1.2.1. Linear Proxy We say that a v
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Table 3.2 Number of Sex Proxy ( ) R
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direct estimation method applied to
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in column 3 of the table below. The
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1.2.4. Linear Proxy We followed the
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1.4. The Linear Program 1.4.1. Sex
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Table 3.12 Cross-City Sex Proxy Rat
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Note that the entries in the tables
Page 53 and 54: Note that the entries in the tables
Page 55 and 56: Note that the entries in the tables
Page 57 and 58: 1.4.7. Techniques for Solving the L
Page 59 and 60: Where the above table shows actual
Page 61 and 62: 1.6.3. Guns Economy Rankings Here w
Page 63 and 64: The table suggests that three citie
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 4 Stakeholder Perspectives
Page 67 and 68: Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
Page 69 and 70: Brothels Law enforcement reported t
Page 71 and 72: The other thing we do have is in th
Page 73 and 74: Dallas, Texas Fifteen individuals w
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.2. Continued Erotic massage
Page 77 and 78: that we’ve done because when we
Page 79 and 80: Although African American men compr
Page 81 and 82: I think what we are really talking
Page 83 and 84: actually go to them to find you wha
Page 85 and 86: Truckers The underground commercial
Page 87 and 88: Street and Internet Similar to othe
Page 89 and 90: Street/Internet-based pimps are net
Page 91 and 92: Figure 4.4 Erotic Massage Parlors i
Page 93 and 94: promising sign that law enforcement
Page 95 and 96: On the Latino brothel front we foun
Page 97 and 98: Street Street-based commercial sex
Page 99 and 100: majority of prostitutes. That does
Page 101 and 102: potential paper trail. Money was re
Page 103: Kansas City, Missouri Sixteen indiv
Page 107 and 108: Pimps have always been mobile, movi
Page 109 and 110: San Diego, California Eighteen indi
Page 111 and 112: Street and Internet Similar to the
Page 113 and 114: are not documented by the police as
Page 115 and 116: always look for the most vulnerable
Page 117 and 118: hotels in their name … they have
Page 119 and 120: eliminated from having to follow a
Page 121 and 122: the room is, so it a three bedroom
Page 123 and 124: Street and Internet Seattle, like m
Page 125 and 126: Most of the gang members involved i
Page 127 and 128: Erotic Massage Parlors and Spas The
Page 129 and 130: getting a ticket in Lynnwood for no
Page 131 and 132: Table 4.8 Stakeholder Perceptions o
Page 133 and 134: need to be followed and pimps opera
Page 135 and 136: Erotic Massage Parlors Another prim
Page 137 and 138: typically between the ages of 16 an
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 5 Identity, Entry, and Risk
Page 141 and 142: Respondent Demographics Respondents
Page 143 and 144: presence of pimping in music and it
Page 145 and 146: Respondents distinguished between d
Page 147 and 148: Figure 5.5 Family Member Involvemen
Page 149 and 150: Multiple factors related to neighbo
Page 151 and 152: wanted me to know. She fed me the g
Page 153 and 154: mom. I wanted to go about it a diff
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Hiding Behind Legal Businesses Lega
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Another female interviewee, serving
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Chapter 6 Networks, Relationships,
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Actors in the Underground Sex Marke
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everything. I collected the money,
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they’ve made enough. That’s wha
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eally nice—not whorish—I’d ha
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Respondent: Right. I got a friend,
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affording a fancy lifestyle. Offend
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Figure 6.1 Recruitment Venues Neigh
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e escaping one life or seeking anot
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Mutual Dependency We are going to t
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money. I took care of who took care
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Rules One bad girl can knock your w
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Reasons for restrictions varied, bu
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encourage his employees to make mon
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have sex with each other when a con
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Competition Between Employees We ca
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little partner pull a gun on me. I
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Beyond employees, pimps shared othe
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pimp reported, “Usually you stay
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(D13). Another respondent reported
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Chapter 7 Business Practices and Op
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7.1 presents the percentage of resp
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eported the costs of maintaining he
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hour special. In-calls only.” You
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used because respondents feared tha
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Rates and Pricing Structures Rates
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One respondent explained the evolut
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Finally, respondents also charged d
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transactions completed were in-call
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associated with their charges, thou
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Changes in the Field The field does
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“Years ago, a john, a certain guy
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connected through the same gang. Th
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Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
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clients, served as a coping mechani
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Respondents worked in five of the e
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gays being together, men treating t
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multitude of environments including
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Rates, Expenses, and Spending Those
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individuals in their social network
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The Makeup and Conditions of the St
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Interviewer: You mentioned that wha
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Interviewer: And was that in cash o
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Demand, Clients, and Establishing D
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new venue to solicit sex work. A mo
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Respondent: Yeah, illegal. They mak
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explained, “A lot of guys would g
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Substances Participants felt that t
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A number of sex workers were caught
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I hear [other sex workers] talking
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while another respondent described
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the genital regions of clothed chil
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Recent studies (Merdian et al. 2013
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Technology It is widely accepted th
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Deep Web There is big problem that
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One offender acknowledged that purc
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The sample was almost evenly split
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One offender believed he knew what
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particular series When did this com
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One guy hacked into my computer one
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Production Location When asked wher
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availability, affordability, and an
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and eventually, it works its way to
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Law enforcement said they were able
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A national or international nexus w
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Table 10.1 Estimates of Illicit Mar
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Law enforcement noted that travel c
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in public venues, utilized their ow
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Pimps who were aware of the penalti
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Practice Implications Investigative
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Policy Implications As the above fi
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Finding 6: For offenders, the preva
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child pornography. More research ne
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Cooper, Bo. 2002. “New Approach t
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McMillan, John, and Pablo Zoido. 20
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US Department of Justice. 2010. The
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Appendix B Screening Interview Ques
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1. How many UCS cases has your agen
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8. How has the UCSE changed in rece
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If you have any additional question
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18:2421 Transportation generally 18
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these case reviews as supplementing
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Point-person designation The person
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Voluntary Participation: You may re
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Part I: Background information 1. W
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Part II: Specific Case Questions (P
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a. If yes, how did you learn about
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Part I: Background information 46.
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70. Are there any differences in th
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89. Are you aware of the prosecutor
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19. Who did what How was that decid
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Technology Questions These question
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discuss new or unprosecuted crimina
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Voluntary Participation. You may re
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Appendix L Terminology Blade: A pub
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