413047-Underground-Commercial-Sex-Economy

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dealers, but had moved into sex trafficking rather than continuing to operate drug and sex trafficking simultaneously, as described below, We have found that a lot of our pimps used to be ex-drug dealers and are now moving into pimping out girls. It’s more lucrative and harder to get caught, more prone to get caught dealing drugs. (Miami Law Enforcement Official) In addition to past histories dealing drugs, pimp networks operating in Miami were described as more social in nature, rather than networked in a more organized crime fashion, as is found in other forms of the underground commercial sex economy (e.g., erotic massage parlors or escort services) in Miami. Social networks among pimps were described as both a mechanism to compete with each other, but also to stay aware of law enforcement activities. Law enforcement reported pimps’ tendency to hide assets by renting cars or homes in other individuals’ names: You have to understand that a lot of these pimps, they all talk to each other, and read each other’s case files, so they know that if something is in a third party’s name that we can’t seize it, and if they rent we can’t take it. And it’s just harder for us to track them down because nothing’s in their name … We’ll go in with search warrants and you’ll find other pimps’ criminal histories and booking photos in the trash, especially when we hit them with a juvenile or trafficking. They know we’re out there without a doubt, and they’re doing everything they can to avoid us. … We’ve had one pimp that sat in jail, he read his whole case and when we went to debrief him, he’s like, “Yeah on that day I saw you guys and I didn’t really do that on that day,” and he was telling us that he saw us, what kind of car we were in, stuff like that. We have pimps talking to other pimps—it’s not an organized network, it’s a social network. … We’ve had pimps look up the attorneys to know if they are going to take the plea or not, if they had a high winning rate … happened on the last one, he was like, “Oh no, this guy has a 98 percent winning rate, I’m going to go ahead and take the plea.” They actually look up, when their girls get arrested, they see what their bond is, see what they’re charged with. They’re very savvy. (Miami Law Enforcement Official) Law enforcement went on to describe that the social networks among pimps are thought to be born out of their prior connections as drug dealers and gang members; however, the competition among them with respect to sex trafficking did not involve the violence common among drug traffickers: They party together, go to the beach together, go to the club together, and have the girls outside when they go inside, have the girls come inside … I don’t know if it’s so much a network as a social network. It’s a social network, but they definitely communicate, there’s communication between all the pimps. But it’s kind of contrary to the traditional belief of where a pimp is against another pimp and he’s by himself. It’s more of a wolfpack mentality now where they all hang together. It’s almost like if they’re all making money, it’s fine, but as long as we’re making it … They’re competitive, but they’re more competitive about my ring is bigger than your ring, and my girl brought me this, and I didn’t have to do anything for this, my clothes, my sneakers, is better than what you’ve got. That’s how they’re competitive. (Miami Law Enforcement Official) However, considerable violence toward victims was common with respect to competition among pimps/traffickers—including the selling or trading of a victim to another pimp/trafficker. As stated by law enforcement, Respondent: But the rules are still in place, where they’re [person working for them] not allowed to look at another pimp, not allowed to talk to another pimp. But yet what we’ve found in our recent cases is how the pimps are maybe sometimes exchanging girls with another pimp. Interviewer: For money Respondent: For money or another girl. Or if one gets locked up, the other one will take over. (Miami Law Enforcement Official) 63
Dallas, Texas Fifteen individuals were interviewed about the local underground commercial sex economy in Dallas, Texas. Representatives from the following agencies were interviewed: Dallas Police Department, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Homeland Security Investigations (HSI), the US Attorney’s office, and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). According to interviews with local, state, and federal law enforcement officials (investigators and prosecutors), the UCSE in Dallas is mainly composed of pimp-controlled online and street-based sex trafficking and voluntary prostitution, with an increasing number of erotic massage parlors (see table 4.2). A practice relatively unique to Dallas is that non-Asian pimps run some massage parlors and send some of their women and girls to work in massage parlors owned and operated by Asians. Although there have been some cases involving Latino brothels, they are not thought to be as prevalent as in comparison to other cities in Texas (e.g., Houston). Cases of sex trafficking and prostitution have also been found behind fronts for legal commercial sexualized services such as topless bars. The operators in each of these distinct venues will often network with others operating similar businesses in order to maximize profits and keep the “merchandise” fresh and new. 64
Page 1 and 2:
R E S E A R C H R E P O R T M A R C
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents Executive Summary
Page 5 and 6:
Introduction and Review of the Lite
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Market Changes ....................
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Appendix G ........................
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Main Findings We highlight 17 main
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6. For offenders, the prevalence of
Page 15 and 16:
Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose of t
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information about populations that
Page 19 and 20:
In chapters three through eight, we
Page 21 and 22: seven sites were finalized in June
Page 23 and 24: individuals we wanted to interview.
Page 25 and 26: a total of 142 sex traffickers/pimp
Page 27 and 28: using interview data for the relati
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.2 Proxy Variables Dataset V
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 3 Methodology and Derivatio
Page 33 and 34: We also looked to estimates of the
Page 35 and 36: In this work, the LoCC will be invo
Page 37 and 38: 1.2.1. Linear Proxy We say that a v
Page 39 and 40: Table 3.2 Number of Sex Proxy ( ) R
Page 41 and 42: direct estimation method applied to
Page 43 and 44: in column 3 of the table below. The
Page 45 and 46: 1.2.4. Linear Proxy We followed the
Page 47 and 48: 1.4. The Linear Program 1.4.1. Sex
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.12 Cross-City Sex Proxy Rat
Page 51 and 52: Note that the entries in the tables
Page 57 and 58: 1.4.7. Techniques for Solving the L
Page 59 and 60: Where the above table shows actual
Page 61 and 62: 1.6.3. Guns Economy Rankings Here w
Page 63 and 64: The table suggests that three citie
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 4 Stakeholder Perspectives
Page 67 and 68: Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
Page 69 and 70: Brothels Law enforcement reported t
Page 71: The other thing we do have is in th
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.2. Continued Erotic massage
Page 77 and 78: that we’ve done because when we
Page 79 and 80: Although African American men compr
Page 81 and 82: I think what we are really talking
Page 83 and 84: actually go to them to find you wha
Page 85 and 86: Truckers The underground commercial
Page 87 and 88: Street and Internet Similar to othe
Page 89 and 90: Street/Internet-based pimps are net
Page 91 and 92: Figure 4.4 Erotic Massage Parlors i
Page 93 and 94: promising sign that law enforcement
Page 95 and 96: On the Latino brothel front we foun
Page 97 and 98: Street Street-based commercial sex
Page 99 and 100: majority of prostitutes. That does
Page 101 and 102: potential paper trail. Money was re
Page 103 and 104: Kansas City, Missouri Sixteen indiv
Page 105 and 106: Internet and Street Similar to what
Page 107 and 108: Pimps have always been mobile, movi
Page 109 and 110: San Diego, California Eighteen indi
Page 111 and 112: Street and Internet Similar to the
Page 113 and 114: are not documented by the police as
Page 115 and 116: always look for the most vulnerable
Page 117 and 118: hotels in their name … they have
Page 119 and 120: eliminated from having to follow a
Page 121 and 122: the room is, so it a three bedroom
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Street and Internet Seattle, like m
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Most of the gang members involved i
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Erotic Massage Parlors and Spas The
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getting a ticket in Lynnwood for no
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Table 4.8 Stakeholder Perceptions o
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need to be followed and pimps opera
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Erotic Massage Parlors Another prim
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typically between the ages of 16 an
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Chapter 5 Identity, Entry, and Risk
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Respondent Demographics Respondents
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presence of pimping in music and it
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Respondents distinguished between d
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Figure 5.5 Family Member Involvemen
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Multiple factors related to neighbo
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wanted me to know. She fed me the g
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mom. I wanted to go about it a diff
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Hiding Behind Legal Businesses Lega
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Another female interviewee, serving
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Chapter 6 Networks, Relationships,
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Actors in the Underground Sex Marke
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everything. I collected the money,
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they’ve made enough. That’s wha
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eally nice—not whorish—I’d ha
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Respondent: Right. I got a friend,
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affording a fancy lifestyle. Offend
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Figure 6.1 Recruitment Venues Neigh
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e escaping one life or seeking anot
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Mutual Dependency We are going to t
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money. I took care of who took care
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Rules One bad girl can knock your w
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Reasons for restrictions varied, bu
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encourage his employees to make mon
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have sex with each other when a con
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Competition Between Employees We ca
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little partner pull a gun on me. I
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Beyond employees, pimps shared othe
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pimp reported, “Usually you stay
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(D13). Another respondent reported
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Chapter 7 Business Practices and Op
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7.1 presents the percentage of resp
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eported the costs of maintaining he
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hour special. In-calls only.” You
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used because respondents feared tha
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Rates and Pricing Structures Rates
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One respondent explained the evolut
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Finally, respondents also charged d
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transactions completed were in-call
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associated with their charges, thou
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Changes in the Field The field does
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“Years ago, a john, a certain guy
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connected through the same gang. Th
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Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
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clients, served as a coping mechani
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Respondents worked in five of the e
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gays being together, men treating t
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multitude of environments including
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Rates, Expenses, and Spending Those
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individuals in their social network
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The Makeup and Conditions of the St
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Interviewer: You mentioned that wha
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Interviewer: And was that in cash o
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Demand, Clients, and Establishing D
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new venue to solicit sex work. A mo
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Respondent: Yeah, illegal. They mak
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explained, “A lot of guys would g
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Substances Participants felt that t
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A number of sex workers were caught
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I hear [other sex workers] talking
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while another respondent described
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the genital regions of clothed chil
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Recent studies (Merdian et al. 2013
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Technology It is widely accepted th
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Deep Web There is big problem that
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One offender acknowledged that purc
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The sample was almost evenly split
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One offender believed he knew what
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particular series When did this com
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One guy hacked into my computer one
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Production Location When asked wher
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availability, affordability, and an
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and eventually, it works its way to
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Law enforcement said they were able
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A national or international nexus w
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Table 10.1 Estimates of Illicit Mar
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Law enforcement noted that travel c
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in public venues, utilized their ow
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Pimps who were aware of the penalti
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Practice Implications Investigative
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Policy Implications As the above fi
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Finding 6: For offenders, the preva
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child pornography. More research ne
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Cooper, Bo. 2002. “New Approach t
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McMillan, John, and Pablo Zoido. 20
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US Department of Justice. 2010. The
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Appendix B Screening Interview Ques
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1. How many UCS cases has your agen
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8. How has the UCSE changed in rece
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If you have any additional question
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18:2421 Transportation generally 18
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these case reviews as supplementing
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Point-person designation The person
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Voluntary Participation: You may re
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Part I: Background information 1. W
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Part II: Specific Case Questions (P
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a. If yes, how did you learn about
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Part I: Background information 46.
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70. Are there any differences in th
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89. Are you aware of the prosecutor
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19. Who did what How was that decid
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Technology Questions These question
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discuss new or unprosecuted crimina
Page 345 and 346:
Voluntary Participation. You may re
Page 347 and 348:
Appendix L Terminology Blade: A pub
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