413047-Underground-Commercial-Sex-Economy

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Appendix D Participation Letter THE URBAN INSTITUTE 2100 M STREET, N.W. / WASHINGTON D.C. 20037 Meredith L. Dank Phone: 202-261-5824 Research Associate Fax: 202-659-8985 E-mail: mdank@urban.org May 31, 2011 Chief name Agency Address City, State, Zip Dear [personalize], We are writing to ask for your assistance in a study we are conducting to estimate the scope and structure of the unlawful commercial sex economy (UCSE) in the United States that is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice’s National Institute of Justice. The preliminary screening interview that we conducted with the [personalize agency and screening contact person] suggests that your agency offers a tremendous opportunity to gain more insight into the activities that comprise the UCSE, the nature of those activities, and their extent. We would like to formally invite your agency to participate in this national study. This study would require a minimum of time and effort on the part of you and your staff. Over the next year, our research team would conduct one site visit to better understand how the unlawful commercial sex economy operates to determine the structure of UCSE and how these networks overlap with other illicit economies. This information will help us estimate the scope and scale of the UCSE, describe how it has changed over the last five years, and document how it relates to other illicit economies. We will schedule our visit at a time that is most convenient to you and your staff. We estimate that we would spend approximately three days on site at your agency. During our visit, we would like to conduct interviews with key personnel involved in the investigation of UCSE cases (human trafficking, promoting prostitution, and child pornography) regarding their experience with UCSE. These interviews would last 30-60 minutes. In addition, we would like to access the case records for closed cases (from 2004-2010) identified as being related to the UCSE. Our focus would be on exploring the structure of the market, rather than reporting on specific cases or individuals. These reviews will concentrate on offenders’ business operations, such as recovered ledgers or details about finances or money laundering. We see 311
these case reviews as supplementing law enforcement interviews by providing information which is difficult to convey verbally (such as accounting information). The main goals of this project are to understand the trade networks that comprise the unlawful commercial sex economy as thoroughly as possible, and to make recommendations for other agencies about how to best target criminal activities or networks that facilitate sex trafficking and elevate efforts to identify, contain, and prosecute UCSE criminals. Information from case records reviews and interviews will be reported in the aggregate and the name of agency personnel will not be specifically identified in any published reports. The names of all agency personnel participating in this study will remain confidential. We will contact individuals interviewed for the study prior to submission of the final report to ensure we have reported information about your agency’s experiences accurately. We will be contacting your office within the next few days to discuss the details of this study. In the meantime, it would be very helpful if you could complete the attached certification of participation and designate a point person within your agency that we can contact with further inquiries about your agency’s participation in this study. If you have any questions about this project, please do not hesitate to contact the Principal Investigator, Drs. Meredith Dank (mdank@urban.org, 202-261-5824 at The Urban Institute). If you have questions about the role of the Department of Justice in sponsoring this study, you may contact John Picarelli, Social Science Analyst at that National Institute of Justice (John.Picarelli@usdoj.gov, 202-307-3213). We look forward to learning more about the knowledge your agency has built around sex trafficking and the networks involved in the UCSE. We are confident that your participation in this study will provide critical insight for national human trafficking policies. Sincerely, Meredith L. Dank, Ph.D. Research Associate Justice Policy Center The Urban Institute Richard Curtis, Ph.D. Chair Anthropology Department John Jay College 312
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R E S E A R C H R E P O R T M A R C
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Introduction and Review of the Lite
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Market Changes ....................
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Appendix G ........................
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Main Findings We highlight 17 main
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6. For offenders, the prevalence of
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Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose of t
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information about populations that
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In chapters three through eight, we
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seven sites were finalized in June
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individuals we wanted to interview.
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a total of 142 sex traffickers/pimp
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using interview data for the relati
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Table 2.2 Proxy Variables Dataset V
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Chapter 3 Methodology and Derivatio
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We also looked to estimates of the
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In this work, the LoCC will be invo
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1.2.1. Linear Proxy We say that a v
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Table 3.2 Number of Sex Proxy ( ) R
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direct estimation method applied to
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in column 3 of the table below. The
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1.2.4. Linear Proxy We followed the
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1.4. The Linear Program 1.4.1. Sex
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Table 3.12 Cross-City Sex Proxy Rat
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Note that the entries in the tables
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1.4.7. Techniques for Solving the L
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Where the above table shows actual
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1.6.3. Guns Economy Rankings Here w
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The table suggests that three citie
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Chapter 4 Stakeholder Perspectives
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Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
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Brothels Law enforcement reported t
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The other thing we do have is in th
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Dallas, Texas Fifteen individuals w
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Table 4.2. Continued Erotic massage
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that we’ve done because when we
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Although African American men compr
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I think what we are really talking
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actually go to them to find you wha
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Truckers The underground commercial
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Street and Internet Similar to othe
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Street/Internet-based pimps are net
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Figure 4.4 Erotic Massage Parlors i
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promising sign that law enforcement
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On the Latino brothel front we foun
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Street Street-based commercial sex
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majority of prostitutes. That does
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potential paper trail. Money was re
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Kansas City, Missouri Sixteen indiv
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Internet and Street Similar to what
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Pimps have always been mobile, movi
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San Diego, California Eighteen indi
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Street and Internet Similar to the
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are not documented by the police as
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always look for the most vulnerable
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hotels in their name … they have
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eliminated from having to follow a
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the room is, so it a three bedroom
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Street and Internet Seattle, like m
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Most of the gang members involved i
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Erotic Massage Parlors and Spas The
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getting a ticket in Lynnwood for no
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Table 4.8 Stakeholder Perceptions o
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need to be followed and pimps opera
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Erotic Massage Parlors Another prim
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typically between the ages of 16 an
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Chapter 5 Identity, Entry, and Risk
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Respondent Demographics Respondents
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presence of pimping in music and it
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Respondents distinguished between d
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Figure 5.5 Family Member Involvemen
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Multiple factors related to neighbo
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wanted me to know. She fed me the g
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mom. I wanted to go about it a diff
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Hiding Behind Legal Businesses Lega
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Another female interviewee, serving
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Chapter 6 Networks, Relationships,
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Actors in the Underground Sex Marke
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everything. I collected the money,
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they’ve made enough. That’s wha
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eally nice—not whorish—I’d ha
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Respondent: Right. I got a friend,
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affording a fancy lifestyle. Offend
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Figure 6.1 Recruitment Venues Neigh
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e escaping one life or seeking anot
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Mutual Dependency We are going to t
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money. I took care of who took care
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Rules One bad girl can knock your w
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Reasons for restrictions varied, bu
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encourage his employees to make mon
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have sex with each other when a con
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Competition Between Employees We ca
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little partner pull a gun on me. I
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Beyond employees, pimps shared othe
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pimp reported, “Usually you stay
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(D13). Another respondent reported
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Chapter 7 Business Practices and Op
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7.1 presents the percentage of resp
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eported the costs of maintaining he
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hour special. In-calls only.” You
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used because respondents feared tha
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Rates and Pricing Structures Rates
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One respondent explained the evolut
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Finally, respondents also charged d
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transactions completed were in-call
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associated with their charges, thou
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Changes in the Field The field does
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“Years ago, a john, a certain guy
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connected through the same gang. Th
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Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
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clients, served as a coping mechani
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Respondents worked in five of the e
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gays being together, men treating t
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multitude of environments including
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Rates, Expenses, and Spending Those
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individuals in their social network
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The Makeup and Conditions of the St
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Interviewer: You mentioned that wha
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Interviewer: And was that in cash o
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Demand, Clients, and Establishing D
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new venue to solicit sex work. A mo
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Respondent: Yeah, illegal. They mak
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explained, “A lot of guys would g
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Substances Participants felt that t
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A number of sex workers were caught
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I hear [other sex workers] talking
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while another respondent described
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the genital regions of clothed chil
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Recent studies (Merdian et al. 2013
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Technology It is widely accepted th
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Deep Web There is big problem that
Page 269 and 270: One offender acknowledged that purc
Page 271 and 272: The sample was almost evenly split
Page 273 and 274: One offender believed he knew what
Page 275 and 276: particular series When did this com
Page 277 and 278: One guy hacked into my computer one
Page 279 and 280: Production Location When asked wher
Page 281 and 282: availability, affordability, and an
Page 283 and 284: and eventually, it works its way to
Page 285 and 286: Law enforcement said they were able
Page 287 and 288: A national or international nexus w
Page 289 and 290: Table 10.1 Estimates of Illicit Mar
Page 291 and 292: Law enforcement noted that travel c
Page 293 and 294: in public venues, utilized their ow
Page 295 and 296: Pimps who were aware of the penalti
Page 297 and 298: Practice Implications Investigative
Page 299 and 300: Policy Implications As the above fi
Page 301 and 302: Finding 6: For offenders, the preva
Page 303 and 304: child pornography. More research ne
Page 305 and 306: Cooper, Bo. 2002. “New Approach t
Page 307 and 308: McMillan, John, and Pablo Zoido. 20
Page 309 and 310: US Department of Justice. 2010. The
Page 311 and 312: Appendix B Screening Interview Ques
Page 313 and 314: 1. How many UCS cases has your agen
Page 315 and 316: 8. How has the UCSE changed in rece
Page 317 and 318: If you have any additional question
Page 319: 18:2421 Transportation generally 18
Page 323 and 324: Point-person designation The person
Page 325 and 326: Voluntary Participation: You may re
Page 327 and 328: Part I: Background information 1. W
Page 329 and 330: Part II: Specific Case Questions (P
Page 331 and 332: a. If yes, how did you learn about
Page 333 and 334: Part I: Background information 46.
Page 335 and 336: 70. Are there any differences in th
Page 337 and 338: 89. Are you aware of the prosecutor
Page 339 and 340: 19. Who did what How was that decid
Page 341 and 342: Technology Questions These question
Page 343 and 344: discuss new or unprosecuted crimina
Page 345 and 346: Voluntary Participation. You may re
Page 347 and 348: Appendix L Terminology Blade: A pub
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