413047-Underground-Commercial-Sex-Economy

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58. How extensive are UCS offenders’ networks Are they primarily local, inter-state, and/or international 59. How (if at all) do you track these networks Do you work with agencies in different states Countries 60. To what degree are UCS offenders connected to the illegal drugs and weapons economies What do these connections look like 61. How has the unlawful commercial sex economy changed in recent years 62. On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate the USCE in 2005 versus 2011 63. Has your agency managed to track how much money is generated from UCS cases If so, how has your agency tracked this 64. What kind of illegal transactions related to UCS cases has your agency recovered 65. Has your agency seized assets related to UCS cases a. If yes, what kinds of assets b. What is the approximate monetary value of those assets 66. At what point would an investigation into prostitution turn into a charge of sex trafficking (probe for both adults and juveniles) a. Is involvement by a pimp and/or john a requirement to charge sex trafficking in cases of adult sex trafficking b. Is involvement by a pimp and/or john a requirement to charge sex trafficking in cases of minor/child sex trafficking 67. Are there needs you or your department/unit or other partners have that would help overcome challenges investigating UCS cases 68. Are there specific things about your state law (if applicable) that help facilitate the prosecution of UCS cases 69. Are there specific things about your state law (if applicable) that impede the prosecution of UCS cases 325
70. Are there any differences in the investigation and prosecution of sex trafficking cases involving US citizen victims and/or suspects vs. foreign national victims and/or suspects Part II: Specific Case Questions (Prompt—Now we’d like to talk specifically about UCS related cases.) 71. How did X case first open as an investigation (tip from public, undercover investigation, investigated as another crime that turned out to be human trafficking, etc.) 72. Were you involved in the investigation of X case from the beginning through the conclusion of the case a. If no, who else was involved What agencies were these investigators from 73. Were other state or local law enforcement entities involved in the investigation of X case a. If yes, who and in what capacity 74. Were any federal law enforcement agencies (FBI, ICE, etc.) involved in the investigation of X case a. If yes, who and in what capacity b. Probe: What role did ICE play (if any) in the initial investigation 75. How long did it take to investigate X case 76. What types of investigative strategies were employed in this case (e.g. wiretaps, surveillance, undercover work) 77. Did you find any records of assets, profits, expenses, etc. If so, a. What kind of records did you find (e.g., ledgers, spreadsheets, rough calculations in a notebook, etc.) b. Where do you keep these records c. Did you submit them as evidence 78. Did you seize any assets If so, a. What kind of assets b. How much did the assets total (approximately) 79. Were suspects arrested in X case a. If yes, were the arrests executed by state or federal officials 326
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R E S E A R C H R E P O R T M A R C
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Introduction and Review of the Lite
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Market Changes ....................
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Appendix G ........................
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Main Findings We highlight 17 main
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6. For offenders, the prevalence of
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Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose of t
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information about populations that
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In chapters three through eight, we
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seven sites were finalized in June
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individuals we wanted to interview.
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a total of 142 sex traffickers/pimp
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using interview data for the relati
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Table 2.2 Proxy Variables Dataset V
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Chapter 3 Methodology and Derivatio
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We also looked to estimates of the
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In this work, the LoCC will be invo
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1.2.1. Linear Proxy We say that a v
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Table 3.2 Number of Sex Proxy ( ) R
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direct estimation method applied to
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in column 3 of the table below. The
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1.2.4. Linear Proxy We followed the
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1.4. The Linear Program 1.4.1. Sex
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Table 3.12 Cross-City Sex Proxy Rat
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Note that the entries in the tables
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1.4.7. Techniques for Solving the L
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Where the above table shows actual
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1.6.3. Guns Economy Rankings Here w
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The table suggests that three citie
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Chapter 4 Stakeholder Perspectives
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Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
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Brothels Law enforcement reported t
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The other thing we do have is in th
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Dallas, Texas Fifteen individuals w
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Table 4.2. Continued Erotic massage
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that we’ve done because when we
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Although African American men compr
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I think what we are really talking
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actually go to them to find you wha
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Truckers The underground commercial
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Street and Internet Similar to othe
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Street/Internet-based pimps are net
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Figure 4.4 Erotic Massage Parlors i
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promising sign that law enforcement
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On the Latino brothel front we foun
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Street Street-based commercial sex
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majority of prostitutes. That does
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potential paper trail. Money was re
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Kansas City, Missouri Sixteen indiv
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Internet and Street Similar to what
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Pimps have always been mobile, movi
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San Diego, California Eighteen indi
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Street and Internet Similar to the
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are not documented by the police as
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always look for the most vulnerable
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hotels in their name … they have
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eliminated from having to follow a
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the room is, so it a three bedroom
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Street and Internet Seattle, like m
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Most of the gang members involved i
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Erotic Massage Parlors and Spas The
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getting a ticket in Lynnwood for no
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Table 4.8 Stakeholder Perceptions o
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need to be followed and pimps opera
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Erotic Massage Parlors Another prim
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typically between the ages of 16 an
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Chapter 5 Identity, Entry, and Risk
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Respondent Demographics Respondents
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presence of pimping in music and it
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Respondents distinguished between d
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Figure 5.5 Family Member Involvemen
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Multiple factors related to neighbo
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wanted me to know. She fed me the g
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mom. I wanted to go about it a diff
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Hiding Behind Legal Businesses Lega
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Another female interviewee, serving
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Chapter 6 Networks, Relationships,
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Actors in the Underground Sex Marke
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everything. I collected the money,
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they’ve made enough. That’s wha
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eally nice—not whorish—I’d ha
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Respondent: Right. I got a friend,
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affording a fancy lifestyle. Offend
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Figure 6.1 Recruitment Venues Neigh
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e escaping one life or seeking anot
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Mutual Dependency We are going to t
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money. I took care of who took care
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Rules One bad girl can knock your w
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Reasons for restrictions varied, bu
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encourage his employees to make mon
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have sex with each other when a con
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Competition Between Employees We ca
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little partner pull a gun on me. I
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Beyond employees, pimps shared othe
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pimp reported, “Usually you stay
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(D13). Another respondent reported
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Chapter 7 Business Practices and Op
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7.1 presents the percentage of resp
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eported the costs of maintaining he
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hour special. In-calls only.” You
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used because respondents feared tha
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Rates and Pricing Structures Rates
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One respondent explained the evolut
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Finally, respondents also charged d
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transactions completed were in-call
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associated with their charges, thou
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Changes in the Field The field does
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“Years ago, a john, a certain guy
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connected through the same gang. Th
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Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
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clients, served as a coping mechani
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Respondents worked in five of the e
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gays being together, men treating t
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multitude of environments including
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Rates, Expenses, and Spending Those
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individuals in their social network
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The Makeup and Conditions of the St
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Interviewer: You mentioned that wha
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Interviewer: And was that in cash o
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Demand, Clients, and Establishing D
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new venue to solicit sex work. A mo
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Respondent: Yeah, illegal. They mak
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explained, “A lot of guys would g
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Substances Participants felt that t
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A number of sex workers were caught
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I hear [other sex workers] talking
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while another respondent described
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the genital regions of clothed chil
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Recent studies (Merdian et al. 2013
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Technology It is widely accepted th
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Deep Web There is big problem that
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One offender acknowledged that purc
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The sample was almost evenly split
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One offender believed he knew what
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particular series When did this com
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One guy hacked into my computer one
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Production Location When asked wher
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availability, affordability, and an
Page 283 and 284: and eventually, it works its way to
Page 285 and 286: Law enforcement said they were able
Page 287 and 288: A national or international nexus w
Page 289 and 290: Table 10.1 Estimates of Illicit Mar
Page 291 and 292: Law enforcement noted that travel c
Page 293 and 294: in public venues, utilized their ow
Page 295 and 296: Pimps who were aware of the penalti
Page 297 and 298: Practice Implications Investigative
Page 299 and 300: Policy Implications As the above fi
Page 301 and 302: Finding 6: For offenders, the preva
Page 303 and 304: child pornography. More research ne
Page 305 and 306: Cooper, Bo. 2002. “New Approach t
Page 307 and 308: McMillan, John, and Pablo Zoido. 20
Page 309 and 310: US Department of Justice. 2010. The
Page 311 and 312: Appendix B Screening Interview Ques
Page 313 and 314: 1. How many UCS cases has your agen
Page 315 and 316: 8. How has the UCSE changed in rece
Page 317 and 318: If you have any additional question
Page 319 and 320: 18:2421 Transportation generally 18
Page 321 and 322: these case reviews as supplementing
Page 323 and 324: Point-person designation The person
Page 325 and 326: Voluntary Participation: You may re
Page 327 and 328: Part I: Background information 1. W
Page 329 and 330: Part II: Specific Case Questions (P
Page 331 and 332: a. If yes, how did you learn about
Page 333: Part I: Background information 46.
Page 337 and 338: 89. Are you aware of the prosecutor
Page 339 and 340: 19. Who did what How was that decid
Page 341 and 342: Technology Questions These question
Page 343 and 344: discuss new or unprosecuted crimina
Page 345 and 346: Voluntary Participation. You may re
Page 347 and 348: Appendix L Terminology Blade: A pub
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