413047-Underground-Commercial-Sex-Economy

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Table 4.7 Stakeholder Perceptions of the UCSE in Seattle, WA Venue Street and Internet Erotic massage parlors and spas Home/ residential brothels Offender profile In the past, pimps were involved through family and community ties and worked independently Recently, heavily gang-involved and collaborative males Asians, particularly from China, Vietnam, and Korea Typically female operators Vietnamese nationals Employee profile Street individuals are typically drugaddicted with pimps. Increase in women who work voluntarily online. Asians, same nationality as operators, in 40s and 50s Vietnamese women, some illegal, some with refugee or asylum status Evidence of prostitution X X X Evidence of trafficking X Pricing Street: $30–40/hand job, $50–60/oral sex, $75–100/“full service” Internet: $125–$150/30 min., $175–200/hr. House fee $40–60 Tips: $40–60/ oral sex, $100/ “full service” Negotiable. No house fee. $200/hr., house takes $60–80 $140/30 min., $160/45 min. Open/ Closed customer base Open Open Open Customer profile Men of all races/ ethnicities Men of all races/ ethnicities Men of all races/ ethnicities Wealthy men common Link to gangs, drugs, weapons, or organized crime Circuit in Washington between Everett, Seattle, and Tacoma. Interstate to Portland, San Francisco, and Las Vegas. Avoid Los Angeles Women rotate between several massage parlors owned by the operator. Women start out in Los Angeles or bay area and then referred to Seattle, and can move out of Seattle. Illegal women are smuggled through Mexico or Canada Women have strong ties to Vietnamese populations in Orange County, Santa Ana, and Anaheim 113
Street and Internet Seattle, like many cities, has seen increases in Internet-based prostitution over the last decade. Stakeholders attribute this increase to the ease of using sites like Backpage and Craigslist, in addition to Seattle-specific sites such as Red Light Review and Top Hat Review. Internet prostitution and trafficking involves new entrants to the market and individuals moving from street-based to Internet-based prostitution. In turn, there has been an overall increase in the amount of prostitution. Although street prostitution still exists, most individuals trading sex on the street are either drug-addicted 54 or only work the street if the demand online is low (these individuals usually work for a pimp). One reason for the decrease in street prostitution is a concerted effort by law enforcement to crack down on visible street prostitution. As a result, many of the sex workers moved to posting ads online: Interviewer: Have you found that the illicit commercial sex economy has gotten bigger in the last five to seven years Respondent: Oh, I think so. And it’s all because of the Internet. It’s not so out there, where you can see it and it’s kind of like our society has an out of sight, out of mind mentality—as long as I don’t see it, I’m good with it. We always get people saying, “You’ve got to do something about these prostitutes, it’s hurting my business.” But we’ve never had someone call and say something about prostitution online, because they don’t see it, it doesn’t affect them, so they don’t care. But yeah, I think that because of the Internet, it’s just really exploded. And because it is just hitting now, I mean my wife would never go to Backpage or anything like that, so to her, she would have never known that this went on had she not been married to me, unless you are the hobbyist or the exploiter or the young girl involved in it. And then when people hear about Backpage or Craigslist, people are shocked. I’m like, “Really you’re shocked!” I mean, you can buy anything on the Internet! (Seattle Law Enforcement Official) Although street prostitution in Seattle mainly consists of drug-addicted individuals and women and girls who work for pimps, there has been an increase in the number of women who appear to be voluntarily and independently posting online ads. Women who would never consider trading sex on the street are posting online ads, since they feel that is more anonymous, safer, and profitable: I would say there’s a lot more girls without pimps, because again the Internet allows that. The Internet just allows them to do it by themselves. If they have got a debit card or if they can buy a prepaid card, hey can put up an ad. And then the smartphones. The smartphones allow them to access the Internet. They allow them to not only take pictures of themselves, store the pictures, and then post the pictures and do the ads right from their telephone. They don’t even need to have a computer anymore. So all the technology has allowed this to go on. And, so what you have is you have high tech prostitutes. (Seattle Law Enforcement Official) Law enforcement is aware that pimps remain in close proximity to the women and girls they control. Pimps are often in a car down the block from the track, waiting in the hotel parking lot, or at a club, bar, or casino: Between Seattle and Tacoma it’s almost every part of Highway 99, Aurora, it changes names but it is the same highway for miles and miles. It actually goes north of Seattle up to Everett. Everett, Seattle, Tacoma, [and] SeaTac are high prostitution areas, so we identify that. It’s obvious, we see the girls walking out there, even to an untrained eyes. … once you point out the indicators and the flags your observer becomes pretty well-learned in differentiating between a working gal and a non-working gal. We are also on the lookout for the pimps. And once you’ve identified the girl or the guy, you usually see the second half of that operation close by—that’s not quite half the time, you’ll have the working gal and then maybe the pimp within the block walking and you’ll see him 54 One law enforcement officer estimates that 95 percent of street prostitution consists of individuals addicted to drugs. 114
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R E S E A R C H R E P O R T M A R C
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Introduction and Review of the Lite
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Market Changes ....................
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Appendix G ........................
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Main Findings We highlight 17 main
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6. For offenders, the prevalence of
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Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose of t
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information about populations that
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In chapters three through eight, we
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seven sites were finalized in June
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individuals we wanted to interview.
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a total of 142 sex traffickers/pimp
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using interview data for the relati
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Table 2.2 Proxy Variables Dataset V
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Chapter 3 Methodology and Derivatio
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We also looked to estimates of the
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In this work, the LoCC will be invo
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1.2.1. Linear Proxy We say that a v
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Table 3.2 Number of Sex Proxy ( ) R
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direct estimation method applied to
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in column 3 of the table below. The
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1.2.4. Linear Proxy We followed the
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1.4. The Linear Program 1.4.1. Sex
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Table 3.12 Cross-City Sex Proxy Rat
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Note that the entries in the tables
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1.4.7. Techniques for Solving the L
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Where the above table shows actual
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1.6.3. Guns Economy Rankings Here w
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The table suggests that three citie
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Chapter 4 Stakeholder Perspectives
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Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
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Brothels Law enforcement reported t
Page 71 and 72: The other thing we do have is in th
Page 73 and 74: Dallas, Texas Fifteen individuals w
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.2. Continued Erotic massage
Page 77 and 78: that we’ve done because when we
Page 79 and 80: Although African American men compr
Page 81 and 82: I think what we are really talking
Page 83 and 84: actually go to them to find you wha
Page 85 and 86: Truckers The underground commercial
Page 87 and 88: Street and Internet Similar to othe
Page 89 and 90: Street/Internet-based pimps are net
Page 91 and 92: Figure 4.4 Erotic Massage Parlors i
Page 93 and 94: promising sign that law enforcement
Page 95 and 96: On the Latino brothel front we foun
Page 97 and 98: Street Street-based commercial sex
Page 99 and 100: majority of prostitutes. That does
Page 101 and 102: potential paper trail. Money was re
Page 103 and 104: Kansas City, Missouri Sixteen indiv
Page 105 and 106: Internet and Street Similar to what
Page 107 and 108: Pimps have always been mobile, movi
Page 109 and 110: San Diego, California Eighteen indi
Page 111 and 112: Street and Internet Similar to the
Page 113 and 114: are not documented by the police as
Page 115 and 116: always look for the most vulnerable
Page 117 and 118: hotels in their name … they have
Page 119 and 120: eliminated from having to follow a
Page 121: the room is, so it a three bedroom
Page 125 and 126: Most of the gang members involved i
Page 127 and 128: Erotic Massage Parlors and Spas The
Page 129 and 130: getting a ticket in Lynnwood for no
Page 131 and 132: Table 4.8 Stakeholder Perceptions o
Page 133 and 134: need to be followed and pimps opera
Page 135 and 136: Erotic Massage Parlors Another prim
Page 137 and 138: typically between the ages of 16 an
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 5 Identity, Entry, and Risk
Page 141 and 142: Respondent Demographics Respondents
Page 143 and 144: presence of pimping in music and it
Page 145 and 146: Respondents distinguished between d
Page 147 and 148: Figure 5.5 Family Member Involvemen
Page 149 and 150: Multiple factors related to neighbo
Page 151 and 152: wanted me to know. She fed me the g
Page 153 and 154: mom. I wanted to go about it a diff
Page 155 and 156: Hiding Behind Legal Businesses Lega
Page 157 and 158: Another female interviewee, serving
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 6 Networks, Relationships,
Page 161 and 162: Actors in the Underground Sex Marke
Page 163 and 164: everything. I collected the money,
Page 165 and 166: they’ve made enough. That’s wha
Page 167 and 168: eally nice—not whorish—I’d ha
Page 169 and 170: Respondent: Right. I got a friend,
Page 171 and 172: affording a fancy lifestyle. Offend
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Figure 6.1 Recruitment Venues Neigh
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e escaping one life or seeking anot
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Mutual Dependency We are going to t
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money. I took care of who took care
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Rules One bad girl can knock your w
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Reasons for restrictions varied, bu
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encourage his employees to make mon
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have sex with each other when a con
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Competition Between Employees We ca
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little partner pull a gun on me. I
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Beyond employees, pimps shared othe
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pimp reported, “Usually you stay
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(D13). Another respondent reported
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Chapter 7 Business Practices and Op
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7.1 presents the percentage of resp
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eported the costs of maintaining he
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hour special. In-calls only.” You
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used because respondents feared tha
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Rates and Pricing Structures Rates
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One respondent explained the evolut
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Finally, respondents also charged d
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transactions completed were in-call
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associated with their charges, thou
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Changes in the Field The field does
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“Years ago, a john, a certain guy
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connected through the same gang. Th
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Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
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clients, served as a coping mechani
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Respondents worked in five of the e
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gays being together, men treating t
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multitude of environments including
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Rates, Expenses, and Spending Those
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individuals in their social network
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The Makeup and Conditions of the St
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Interviewer: You mentioned that wha
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Interviewer: And was that in cash o
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Demand, Clients, and Establishing D
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new venue to solicit sex work. A mo
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Respondent: Yeah, illegal. They mak
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explained, “A lot of guys would g
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Substances Participants felt that t
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A number of sex workers were caught
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I hear [other sex workers] talking
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while another respondent described
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the genital regions of clothed chil
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Recent studies (Merdian et al. 2013
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Technology It is widely accepted th
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Deep Web There is big problem that
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One offender acknowledged that purc
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The sample was almost evenly split
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One offender believed he knew what
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particular series When did this com
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One guy hacked into my computer one
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Production Location When asked wher
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availability, affordability, and an
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and eventually, it works its way to
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Law enforcement said they were able
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A national or international nexus w
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Table 10.1 Estimates of Illicit Mar
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Law enforcement noted that travel c
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in public venues, utilized their ow
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Pimps who were aware of the penalti
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Practice Implications Investigative
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Policy Implications As the above fi
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Finding 6: For offenders, the preva
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child pornography. More research ne
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Cooper, Bo. 2002. “New Approach t
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McMillan, John, and Pablo Zoido. 20
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US Department of Justice. 2010. The
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Appendix B Screening Interview Ques
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1. How many UCS cases has your agen
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8. How has the UCSE changed in rece
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If you have any additional question
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18:2421 Transportation generally 18
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these case reviews as supplementing
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Point-person designation The person
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Voluntary Participation: You may re
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Part I: Background information 1. W
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Part II: Specific Case Questions (P
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a. If yes, how did you learn about
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Part I: Background information 46.
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70. Are there any differences in th
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89. Are you aware of the prosecutor
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19. Who did what How was that decid
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Technology Questions These question
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discuss new or unprosecuted crimina
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Voluntary Participation. You may re
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Appendix L Terminology Blade: A pub
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