413047-Underground-Commercial-Sex-Economy

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1.6.2. Drugs Economy Rankings .......................................................................................................... 51 1.6.3. Guns Economy Rankings ............................................................................................................ 52 1.7. Solution Quality and Robustness ...................................................................................................... 52 Solution Quality .................................................................................................................................... 52 Solution Robustness ............................................................................................................................. 53 Chapter 4 Stakeholder Perspectives on the Underground Commercial Sex Economy ........................ 56 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 56 Findings by City ............................................................................................................................................ 58 Miami, Florida .......................................................................................................................................... 58 Brothels ................................................................................................................................................. 60 Internet ................................................................................................................................................. 60 Erotic Massage Parlors ......................................................................................................................... 61 Street ...................................................................................................................................................... 62 Network Characteristics ....................................................................................................................... 62 Dallas, Texas ............................................................................................................................................. 64 Street and Internet ................................................................................................................................ 67 Brothels .................................................................................................................................................. 70 Erotic Massage Parlors ......................................................................................................................... 70 Topless Bars........................................................................................................................................... 74 Escort Services ...................................................................................................................................... 75 Truckers ................................................................................................................................................. 76 Washington, DC ........................................................................................................................................ 76 Street and Internet ................................................................................................................................ 78 Erotic Massage Parlors ......................................................................................................................... 81 Brothels ................................................................................................................................................. 84 Denver, Colorado ..................................................................................................................................... 86 Street ..................................................................................................................................................... 88 Internet/Escort Services ...................................................................................................................... 88 Erotic Massage Parlors and Brothels ................................................................................................... 92 Kansas City, Missouri ............................................................................................................................... 94 Internet and Street ................................................................................................................................ 96 Erotic Massage Parlors ........................................................................................................................ 98 San Diego, California .............................................................................................................................. 100 Street and Internet .............................................................................................................................. 102 Escort Services .................................................................................................................................... 108 Erotic Massage Parlors ....................................................................................................................... 108 Brothels and Migrant Camps Brothels ............................................................................................... 111 Seattle, Washington .................................................................................................................................112 Street and Internet .............................................................................................................................. 114 Escorts .................................................................................................................................................. 117 Erotic Massage Parlors and Spas ....................................................................................................... 118 Home/Residential Brothels ................................................................................................................ 120 Atlanta, Georgia .......................................................................................................................................121 Street and Internet .............................................................................................................................. 123 Erotic Massage Parlors ....................................................................................................................... 126 Brothels ................................................................................................................................................ 127 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 128 Chapter 5 Identity, Entry, and Risks of Pimping ............................................................................... 130 iv
Introduction and Review of the Literature ................................................................................................ 130 Respondent Demographics ........................................................................................................................ 132 Definitions ................................................................................................................................................... 133 Respondent Perspectives ....................................................................................................................... 134 Entry Into Pimping ..................................................................................................................................... 136 Family Experience .................................................................................................................................. 137 Neighborhood Context ........................................................................................................................... 139 Mentorship .............................................................................................................................................. 140 Recruitment by Women ......................................................................................................................... 140 Drug Dealing to Pimping........................................................................................................................ 142 Legality in a Foreign Country ................................................................................................................ 142 Self-Perception and Emotional Motivations ......................................................................................... 143 Women Who Pimp ................................................................................................................................. 143 Summary of Respondent Paths to Pimping .......................................................................................... 144 Perceptions of Business-Related Risk ........................................................................................................ 145 Fears of Arrest......................................................................................................................................... 145 Fears of Personal Safety ......................................................................................................................... 147 Fears Around Employee Safety .............................................................................................................. 148 Summary of Perceived Risk ................................................................................................................... 149 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 149 Chapter 6 Networks, Relationships, and Management of Pimping ....................................................150 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 150 Actors in the Underground Sex Market ..................................................................................................... 152 Pimps ....................................................................................................................................................... 152 Bottom ..................................................................................................................................................... 153 Non-Sex Worker Partners and Employees ........................................................................................... 154 Sex Worker Employees ........................................................................................................................... 155 Customers ............................................................................................................................................... 156 Employee Recruitment ............................................................................................................................... 157 Demographics of Recruited Individuals ................................................................................................ 158 Race ...................................................................................................................................................... 158 Age ....................................................................................................................................................... 160 Personal History .................................................................................................................................. 161 Locations of Recruitment ....................................................................................................................... 163 Neighborhoods and Social Networks ................................................................................................. 164 Clubs or Bars ....................................................................................................................................... 164 External Neighborhoods ..................................................................................................................... 165 Internet ................................................................................................................................................ 165 On the Track ........................................................................................................................................ 165 School, Mall, and Transit Stations ..................................................................................................... 165 Methods of Recruitment ........................................................................................................................ 166 Romantic or Sexual Relationships ..................................................................................................... 167 Mutual Dependency ............................................................................................................................ 168 Monetizing Sex .................................................................................................................................... 168 Appeal of Associated Lifestyle ............................................................................................................ 169 Reputation ........................................................................................................................................... 169 Women in Recruitment .......................................................................................................................... 170 Choosing Fees .......................................................................................................................................... 171 Summary of Employee Recruitment ...................................................................................................... 171 Management of Work Relationships .......................................................................................................... 171 Rules ........................................................................................................................................................ 172 Drugs and Alcohol ............................................................................................................................... 172 v
Page 1 and 2: R E S E A R C H R E P O R T M A R C
Page 3: Table of Contents Executive Summary
Page 7 and 8: Market Changes ....................
Page 9 and 10: Appendix G ........................
Page 11 and 12: Main Findings We highlight 17 main
Page 13 and 14: 6. For offenders, the prevalence of
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose of t
Page 17 and 18: information about populations that
Page 19 and 20: In chapters three through eight, we
Page 21 and 22: seven sites were finalized in June
Page 23 and 24: individuals we wanted to interview.
Page 25 and 26: a total of 142 sex traffickers/pimp
Page 27 and 28: using interview data for the relati
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.2 Proxy Variables Dataset V
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 3 Methodology and Derivatio
Page 33 and 34: We also looked to estimates of the
Page 35 and 36: In this work, the LoCC will be invo
Page 37 and 38: 1.2.1. Linear Proxy We say that a v
Page 39 and 40: Table 3.2 Number of Sex Proxy ( ) R
Page 41 and 42: direct estimation method applied to
Page 43 and 44: in column 3 of the table below. The
Page 45 and 46: 1.2.4. Linear Proxy We followed the
Page 47 and 48: 1.4. The Linear Program 1.4.1. Sex
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.12 Cross-City Sex Proxy Rat
Page 51 and 52: Note that the entries in the tables
Page 53 and 54: Note that the entries in the tables
Page 55 and 56:
Note that the entries in the tables
Page 57 and 58:
1.4.7. Techniques for Solving the L
Page 59 and 60:
Where the above table shows actual
Page 61 and 62:
1.6.3. Guns Economy Rankings Here w
Page 63 and 64:
The table suggests that three citie
Page 65 and 66:
Chapter 4 Stakeholder Perspectives
Page 67 and 68:
Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
Page 69 and 70:
Brothels Law enforcement reported t
Page 71 and 72:
The other thing we do have is in th
Page 73 and 74:
Dallas, Texas Fifteen individuals w
Page 75 and 76:
Table 4.2. Continued Erotic massage
Page 77 and 78:
that we’ve done because when we
Page 79 and 80:
Although African American men compr
Page 81 and 82:
I think what we are really talking
Page 83 and 84:
actually go to them to find you wha
Page 85 and 86:
Truckers The underground commercial
Page 87 and 88:
Street and Internet Similar to othe
Page 89 and 90:
Street/Internet-based pimps are net
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 4.4 Erotic Massage Parlors i
Page 93 and 94:
promising sign that law enforcement
Page 95 and 96:
On the Latino brothel front we foun
Page 97 and 98:
Street Street-based commercial sex
Page 99 and 100:
majority of prostitutes. That does
Page 101 and 102:
potential paper trail. Money was re
Page 103 and 104:
Kansas City, Missouri Sixteen indiv
Page 105 and 106:
Internet and Street Similar to what
Page 107 and 108:
Pimps have always been mobile, movi
Page 109 and 110:
San Diego, California Eighteen indi
Page 111 and 112:
Street and Internet Similar to the
Page 113 and 114:
are not documented by the police as
Page 115 and 116:
always look for the most vulnerable
Page 117 and 118:
hotels in their name … they have
Page 119 and 120:
eliminated from having to follow a
Page 121 and 122:
the room is, so it a three bedroom
Page 123 and 124:
Street and Internet Seattle, like m
Page 125 and 126:
Most of the gang members involved i
Page 127 and 128:
Erotic Massage Parlors and Spas The
Page 129 and 130:
getting a ticket in Lynnwood for no
Page 131 and 132:
Table 4.8 Stakeholder Perceptions o
Page 133 and 134:
need to be followed and pimps opera
Page 135 and 136:
Erotic Massage Parlors Another prim
Page 137 and 138:
typically between the ages of 16 an
Page 139 and 140:
Chapter 5 Identity, Entry, and Risk
Page 141 and 142:
Respondent Demographics Respondents
Page 143 and 144:
presence of pimping in music and it
Page 145 and 146:
Respondents distinguished between d
Page 147 and 148:
Figure 5.5 Family Member Involvemen
Page 149 and 150:
Multiple factors related to neighbo
Page 151 and 152:
wanted me to know. She fed me the g
Page 153 and 154:
mom. I wanted to go about it a diff
Page 155 and 156:
Hiding Behind Legal Businesses Lega
Page 157 and 158:
Another female interviewee, serving
Page 159 and 160:
Chapter 6 Networks, Relationships,
Page 161 and 162:
Actors in the Underground Sex Marke
Page 163 and 164:
everything. I collected the money,
Page 165 and 166:
they’ve made enough. That’s wha
Page 167 and 168:
eally nice—not whorish—I’d ha
Page 169 and 170:
Respondent: Right. I got a friend,
Page 171 and 172:
affording a fancy lifestyle. Offend
Page 173 and 174:
Figure 6.1 Recruitment Venues Neigh
Page 175 and 176:
e escaping one life or seeking anot
Page 177 and 178:
Mutual Dependency We are going to t
Page 179 and 180:
money. I took care of who took care
Page 181 and 182:
Rules One bad girl can knock your w
Page 183 and 184:
Reasons for restrictions varied, bu
Page 185 and 186:
encourage his employees to make mon
Page 187 and 188:
have sex with each other when a con
Page 189 and 190:
Competition Between Employees We ca
Page 191 and 192:
little partner pull a gun on me. I
Page 193 and 194:
Beyond employees, pimps shared othe
Page 195 and 196:
pimp reported, “Usually you stay
Page 197 and 198:
(D13). Another respondent reported
Page 199 and 200:
Chapter 7 Business Practices and Op
Page 201 and 202:
7.1 presents the percentage of resp
Page 203 and 204:
eported the costs of maintaining he
Page 205 and 206:
hour special. In-calls only.” You
Page 207 and 208:
used because respondents feared tha
Page 209 and 210:
Rates and Pricing Structures Rates
Page 211 and 212:
One respondent explained the evolut
Page 213 and 214:
Finally, respondents also charged d
Page 215 and 216:
transactions completed were in-call
Page 217 and 218:
associated with their charges, thou
Page 219 and 220:
Changes in the Field The field does
Page 221 and 222:
“Years ago, a john, a certain guy
Page 223 and 224:
connected through the same gang. Th
Page 225 and 226:
Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
Page 227 and 228:
clients, served as a coping mechani
Page 229 and 230:
Respondents worked in five of the e
Page 231 and 232:
gays being together, men treating t
Page 233 and 234:
multitude of environments including
Page 235 and 236:
Rates, Expenses, and Spending Those
Page 237 and 238:
individuals in their social network
Page 239 and 240:
The Makeup and Conditions of the St
Page 241 and 242:
Interviewer: You mentioned that wha
Page 243 and 244:
Interviewer: And was that in cash o
Page 245 and 246:
Demand, Clients, and Establishing D
Page 247 and 248:
new venue to solicit sex work. A mo
Page 249 and 250:
Respondent: Yeah, illegal. They mak
Page 251 and 252:
explained, “A lot of guys would g
Page 253 and 254:
Substances Participants felt that t
Page 255 and 256:
A number of sex workers were caught
Page 257 and 258:
I hear [other sex workers] talking
Page 259 and 260:
while another respondent described
Page 261 and 262:
the genital regions of clothed chil
Page 263 and 264:
Recent studies (Merdian et al. 2013
Page 265 and 266:
Technology It is widely accepted th
Page 267 and 268:
Deep Web There is big problem that
Page 269 and 270:
One offender acknowledged that purc
Page 271 and 272:
The sample was almost evenly split
Page 273 and 274:
One offender believed he knew what
Page 275 and 276:
particular series When did this com
Page 277 and 278:
One guy hacked into my computer one
Page 279 and 280:
Production Location When asked wher
Page 281 and 282:
availability, affordability, and an
Page 283 and 284:
and eventually, it works its way to
Page 285 and 286:
Law enforcement said they were able
Page 287 and 288:
A national or international nexus w
Page 289 and 290:
Table 10.1 Estimates of Illicit Mar
Page 291 and 292:
Law enforcement noted that travel c
Page 293 and 294:
in public venues, utilized their ow
Page 295 and 296:
Pimps who were aware of the penalti
Page 297 and 298:
Practice Implications Investigative
Page 299 and 300:
Policy Implications As the above fi
Page 301 and 302:
Finding 6: For offenders, the preva
Page 303 and 304:
child pornography. More research ne
Page 305 and 306:
Cooper, Bo. 2002. “New Approach t
Page 307 and 308:
McMillan, John, and Pablo Zoido. 20
Page 309 and 310:
US Department of Justice. 2010. The
Page 311 and 312:
Appendix B Screening Interview Ques
Page 313 and 314:
1. How many UCS cases has your agen
Page 315 and 316:
8. How has the UCSE changed in rece
Page 317 and 318:
If you have any additional question
Page 319 and 320:
18:2421 Transportation generally 18
Page 321 and 322:
these case reviews as supplementing
Page 323 and 324:
Point-person designation The person
Page 325 and 326:
Voluntary Participation: You may re
Page 327 and 328:
Part I: Background information 1. W
Page 329 and 330:
Part II: Specific Case Questions (P
Page 331 and 332:
a. If yes, how did you learn about
Page 333 and 334:
Part I: Background information 46.
Page 335 and 336:
70. Are there any differences in th
Page 337 and 338:
89. Are you aware of the prosecutor
Page 339 and 340:
19. Who did what How was that decid
Page 341 and 342:
Technology Questions These question
Page 343 and 344:
discuss new or unprosecuted crimina
Page 345 and 346:
Voluntary Participation. You may re
Page 347 and 348:
Appendix L Terminology Blade: A pub
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