413047-Underground-Commercial-Sex-Economy

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Table 4.3 Stakeholder Perceptions of the UCSE in Washington, DC Venue Street Internet Offender profile US citizens US citizens Employee profile Women, adults and minors, transgender; pimpcontrolled and non Women, adults and minors, transgender; pimpcontrolled and non Evidence of prostitution Evidence of trafficking Pricing X X $20–150/sex act Open X X In-call as low as $60/15 min Out-call $250 minimum $60–80/house fee, with additional fees on top Open/Closed customer base Open Customer profile Men of all races/ethnicities Men of all races/ethnicities Link to gangs, drugs, weapons, or organized crime More of a social network than organized crime network. Some pimps may be former gang members, but no gang-operated businesses. Several may be past or current drug dealers. More of a social network than organized crime network. Some pimps may be former gang members, but no gang-operated businesses. Several may be past or current drug dealers. Erotic massage parlors Asians Asian women Adults only X X $120/“full service” which includes table shower, massage, and intercourse Starting to limit customer base due to law enforcement investigation Males from all racial/ethnic groups; however some allow only Asian clientele Connections to massage parlors in New York, specifically Flushing, Queens, and Staten Island. Drugs may pass through, but no organized drug or weapons activity. Brothels Latinos Latin American women X X House owner charges employees $50–650/wk. Closed to only specific Latin American ethnicities Latino males Routed along same trails as drugs and guns. Gang connections, such as to MS-13, who may participate in trafficking or extort brothels. 77
Street and Internet Similar to other cities, law enforcement discussed how sex work and sex trafficking on the street and Internet involve the same individuals. Advertising via the Internet is said to increase during winter months and in periods following increased law enforcement investigations of street-based sex work and sex trafficking. Based on law enforcement interviews with women in sex work, law enforcement stated that women usually prefer the street to the Internet since they don’t need to spend their money on hotel rooms. Adult street sex work occurs in multiple forms—prostitution by drug-addicted individuals, pimpcontrolled adults, transgender individuals, and same-sex prostitution. Law enforcement officials reported their primary enforcement focus is on pimp-controlled sex work or sex trafficking; however, they noted that most of the complaints they receive are for drug-addicted individuals involved in sex work on the street. Law enforcement reported that the recent economic revitalization of certain parts of DC have increased the number of people in the city, thereby increasing the level of adult and child sex trafficking. In addition to soliciting sexual services via the street and Internet, it was noted that DC nightclubs are also used. Two officers explained, Respondent 1: It [adult pimp-controlled sex work] kind of increased. Most of the clients or young ladies try to fit in with the club crowd so you would not know what they were doing. They would try and camouflage their actions. Early on you would have them walking around in the middle of the street so you knew what they were doing, but as time went on they figured out that law enforcement was putting them under surveillance they changed their tactics. Now they try and fit in, like they are going to a club when they are actually out there soliciting. That is how it is on any given night. Some nights the clubs are closed so you totally know what they are doing but some nights they stand on the side of road pretending like they are trying to go to the club. Interviewer: And with the juvenile [pimp-controlled sex work], has that kind of followed the same path as the adults Respondent 2: Right. With most instances the juveniles pretend to be adults. It is not until they are caught that they reveal that they are not adults. But some of them do not, some of them fool us. But some of them truly are under the age of eighteen. There is a correlation between the adults and the juveniles because they put them online as adults because most johns like younger women. They think that a lot of the younger women do not have any diseases so they prefer the young ladies more. (DC Law Enforcement Officials) Law enforcement went on to describe how minors marketed as adults and who lie to police may also fool law enforcement during investigations: Respondent 1: This girl, she was 16 years old when we caught up to her. She had actually been with him since she was 13. She was a runaway and from here [DC]. This whole time she had been here and he was prostituting her. Now, when we got her she actually looked like an adult. She had her hair done and makeup and everything. She said that she was working for some security firm and she needed extra money for her baby and we actually believed her. Respondent 2: She was well versed. Respondent 1: Yeah. So we locked her up, she got out and then we locked her up again a couple of days later. But we still did not know at that time either that she was only 16. So I was at home and the next thing I know I get a call telling me that I have to redo her paperwork as a juvenile. And I am like, “Hold up, is this the same girl No, she wasn’t no juvenile”. And they said she was 16 and I said, “No, she is not 16.” But when I finally came in and did the paperwork and I had to go to court building, we had to do a … hearing in the juvenile section. When they brought her out I was like, “Wow, she does look like she is 16!” (DC Law Enforcement Officials) 78
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R E S E A R C H R E P O R T M A R C
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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Introduction and Review of the Lite
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Market Changes ....................
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Appendix G ........................
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Main Findings We highlight 17 main
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6. For offenders, the prevalence of
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Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose of t
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information about populations that
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In chapters three through eight, we
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seven sites were finalized in June
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individuals we wanted to interview.
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a total of 142 sex traffickers/pimp
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using interview data for the relati
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Table 2.2 Proxy Variables Dataset V
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Chapter 3 Methodology and Derivatio
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We also looked to estimates of the
Page 35 and 36: In this work, the LoCC will be invo
Page 37 and 38: 1.2.1. Linear Proxy We say that a v
Page 39 and 40: Table 3.2 Number of Sex Proxy ( ) R
Page 41 and 42: direct estimation method applied to
Page 43 and 44: in column 3 of the table below. The
Page 45 and 46: 1.2.4. Linear Proxy We followed the
Page 47 and 48: 1.4. The Linear Program 1.4.1. Sex
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.12 Cross-City Sex Proxy Rat
Page 51 and 52: Note that the entries in the tables
Page 57 and 58: 1.4.7. Techniques for Solving the L
Page 59 and 60: Where the above table shows actual
Page 61 and 62: 1.6.3. Guns Economy Rankings Here w
Page 63 and 64: The table suggests that three citie
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 4 Stakeholder Perspectives
Page 67 and 68: Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
Page 69 and 70: Brothels Law enforcement reported t
Page 71 and 72: The other thing we do have is in th
Page 73 and 74: Dallas, Texas Fifteen individuals w
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.2. Continued Erotic massage
Page 77 and 78: that we’ve done because when we
Page 79 and 80: Although African American men compr
Page 81 and 82: I think what we are really talking
Page 83 and 84: actually go to them to find you wha
Page 85: Truckers The underground commercial
Page 89 and 90: Street/Internet-based pimps are net
Page 91 and 92: Figure 4.4 Erotic Massage Parlors i
Page 93 and 94: promising sign that law enforcement
Page 95 and 96: On the Latino brothel front we foun
Page 97 and 98: Street Street-based commercial sex
Page 99 and 100: majority of prostitutes. That does
Page 101 and 102: potential paper trail. Money was re
Page 103 and 104: Kansas City, Missouri Sixteen indiv
Page 105 and 106: Internet and Street Similar to what
Page 107 and 108: Pimps have always been mobile, movi
Page 109 and 110: San Diego, California Eighteen indi
Page 111 and 112: Street and Internet Similar to the
Page 113 and 114: are not documented by the police as
Page 115 and 116: always look for the most vulnerable
Page 117 and 118: hotels in their name … they have
Page 119 and 120: eliminated from having to follow a
Page 121 and 122: the room is, so it a three bedroom
Page 123 and 124: Street and Internet Seattle, like m
Page 125 and 126: Most of the gang members involved i
Page 127 and 128: Erotic Massage Parlors and Spas The
Page 129 and 130: getting a ticket in Lynnwood for no
Page 131 and 132: Table 4.8 Stakeholder Perceptions o
Page 133 and 134: need to be followed and pimps opera
Page 135 and 136: Erotic Massage Parlors Another prim
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typically between the ages of 16 an
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Chapter 5 Identity, Entry, and Risk
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Respondent Demographics Respondents
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presence of pimping in music and it
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Respondents distinguished between d
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Figure 5.5 Family Member Involvemen
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Multiple factors related to neighbo
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wanted me to know. She fed me the g
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mom. I wanted to go about it a diff
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Hiding Behind Legal Businesses Lega
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Another female interviewee, serving
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Chapter 6 Networks, Relationships,
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Actors in the Underground Sex Marke
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everything. I collected the money,
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they’ve made enough. That’s wha
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eally nice—not whorish—I’d ha
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Respondent: Right. I got a friend,
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affording a fancy lifestyle. Offend
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Figure 6.1 Recruitment Venues Neigh
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e escaping one life or seeking anot
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Mutual Dependency We are going to t
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money. I took care of who took care
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Rules One bad girl can knock your w
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Reasons for restrictions varied, bu
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encourage his employees to make mon
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have sex with each other when a con
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Competition Between Employees We ca
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little partner pull a gun on me. I
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Beyond employees, pimps shared othe
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pimp reported, “Usually you stay
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(D13). Another respondent reported
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Chapter 7 Business Practices and Op
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7.1 presents the percentage of resp
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eported the costs of maintaining he
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hour special. In-calls only.” You
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used because respondents feared tha
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Rates and Pricing Structures Rates
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One respondent explained the evolut
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Finally, respondents also charged d
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transactions completed were in-call
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associated with their charges, thou
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Changes in the Field The field does
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“Years ago, a john, a certain guy
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connected through the same gang. Th
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Main Findings from this Chapter Inc
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clients, served as a coping mechani
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Respondents worked in five of the e
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gays being together, men treating t
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multitude of environments including
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Rates, Expenses, and Spending Those
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individuals in their social network
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The Makeup and Conditions of the St
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Interviewer: You mentioned that wha
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Interviewer: And was that in cash o
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Demand, Clients, and Establishing D
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new venue to solicit sex work. A mo
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Respondent: Yeah, illegal. They mak
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explained, “A lot of guys would g
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Substances Participants felt that t
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A number of sex workers were caught
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I hear [other sex workers] talking
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while another respondent described
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the genital regions of clothed chil
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Recent studies (Merdian et al. 2013
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Technology It is widely accepted th
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Deep Web There is big problem that
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One offender acknowledged that purc
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The sample was almost evenly split
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One offender believed he knew what
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particular series When did this com
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One guy hacked into my computer one
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Production Location When asked wher
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availability, affordability, and an
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and eventually, it works its way to
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Law enforcement said they were able
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A national or international nexus w
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Table 10.1 Estimates of Illicit Mar
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Law enforcement noted that travel c
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in public venues, utilized their ow
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Pimps who were aware of the penalti
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Practice Implications Investigative
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Policy Implications As the above fi
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Finding 6: For offenders, the preva
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child pornography. More research ne
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Cooper, Bo. 2002. “New Approach t
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McMillan, John, and Pablo Zoido. 20
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US Department of Justice. 2010. The
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Appendix B Screening Interview Ques
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1. How many UCS cases has your agen
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8. How has the UCSE changed in rece
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If you have any additional question
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18:2421 Transportation generally 18
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these case reviews as supplementing
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Point-person designation The person
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Voluntary Participation: You may re
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Part I: Background information 1. W
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Part II: Specific Case Questions (P
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a. If yes, how did you learn about
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Part I: Background information 46.
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70. Are there any differences in th
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89. Are you aware of the prosecutor
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19. Who did what How was that decid
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Technology Questions These question
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discuss new or unprosecuted crimina
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Voluntary Participation. You may re
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Appendix L Terminology Blade: A pub
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