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Chaosophy - autonomous learning

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them from the outside another biological schema while breaking up<br />

the evolutive line according to heterogeneous social organizations 15<br />

(it is among other factors, this interplay between productive forces<br />

and relations of production that explains the strange idea that the<br />

bourgeoisie was revolutionary at a given moment). It seems to us on<br />

the contrary that the machine has to be directly conceived in relation<br />

to a social body, and not in relation to a human biological<br />

organism. If such is the case, one cannot regard the machine as a<br />

new segment that succeeds that of the tool, along a line that would<br />

have its starting point in abstract man. For man and the tool are<br />

already components of a machine constituted by a full body acting<br />

as an engineering agency, and by men and tools that are engineered<br />

(machines) insofar as they are distributed on this body. For example,<br />

there is a full body of the steppe which engineers man-horse-bow, a<br />

full body of the Greek city-state which engineers men and weapons,<br />

a full body of the factory which engineers men and machines ... Of<br />

the two definitions of a manufacture given by Ure, and cited by<br />

Marx, the first relates machines to the men who tend them, while<br />

the second relates the machines and the men, "mechanical and intellectual<br />

organs," to the manufacture as the full body that engineers<br />

them. It is in fact the second definition that is literal and concrete.<br />

It is not through metaphors nor by extension that we consider<br />

public places and community facilities (les lieux, les equipements<br />

collectifs) the means of communication, and the social bodies as<br />

machines or machine components. On the contrary, it is by virtue<br />

of a restriction and a derivation that the machine will cease to<br />

designate anything but a technical reality but precisely under the<br />

conditions of a quite specific full body, the body of money-Capital,<br />

insofar as it gives the tool the form of fixed capital, which is to say,<br />

distributes the tools on the surface of an <strong>autonomous</strong> mechanical<br />

representative, and gives man the form of variable capital, which is<br />

to say, distributes men on an abstract representative of labor in<br />

110/

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