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Chaosophy - autonomous learning

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the metaphysical other which he had constructed with Deleuze in<br />

their joint works.<br />

Guattari also proposed to rework Francisco Varela's notion of<br />

autopoiesis which designates organisms generating their own<br />

operation and their specific limits. However, by broadening this<br />

biological application to social systems, Guattari also included<br />

technical machines and the entire evolving human entity inasmuch<br />

as these elements are initially caught within singular assemblages in<br />

a process of becoming. Having reevaluated the Saussurian rupture<br />

between language and speech in a new light, and demonstrated<br />

that the two dimensions are totally intertwined, Guattari defined,<br />

in conclusion to this book which synthesizes all his reflections,<br />

what he meant by this new aesthetic paradigm he was hoping to<br />

bring about. He started from the idea that technical or social<br />

imperatives inherent to societies of the past now were perceived as<br />

so many aesthetic manifestations; they attested to the rise in power<br />

of this relation of aesthetization that our society maintains with<br />

the world. This testified to a modern civilization which could only<br />

survive through the continual creation of the new and through<br />

innovation in every domain. And yet, this process of transformation<br />

never ceased raising the question of subjectivity from<br />

different angles.<br />

Guattari went through the great upheaval of 1989 and the fall<br />

of the Berlin Wall, the collapse of Communism and the end of the<br />

Cold War, with the same analytical acuity. He remained aware of<br />

the danger that the multiplication of archaizing outbursts represented,<br />

of the regression to sectarian and fundamentalist identity,<br />

but his optimism and his desire for better becomings, however,<br />

went unabated. Quite to the contrary, he realized that there was no<br />

better time "to reinvent politics. "48 The world that used to be<br />

bipolarized through the opposition between the Eastern and Western<br />

blocs now was on the way to becoming integrated along the lines<br />

28/

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