Adapting to Climate Change: Assessing the World Bank Group ...

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GlossaryAdaptation: Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual orexpected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploitsbeneficial opportunities. (IPCC 2007)Adaptive capacity: The ability of a system to adjust to climate change (includingclimate variability and extremes) to moderate potential damages, to take advantageof opportunities, or to cope with the consequences. (IPCC 2007)Adaptation deficit: The difference between the optimal amount of adaptation tocurrent climate variability and the amount of adaptation that has actually occurred.Adaptive management: A resource management approach where decisions areupdated iteratively as new information becomes available.Agroclimatic zone: A land unit, in terms of major climate and growing period, thatis climatically suitable for a certain range of crops and cultivars. (FAO 1983)Anticipatory adaptation: Adaptation that takes place before impacts of climatechange are observed. (IPCC 2007)Basis risk: The difference between an index and the risk being insured against thatindex. For example, the risk that there will be rain at a weather station index but noton an insured farmer’s land. [See index insurance.]Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option (Cat DDO): A contingent creditmechanism offered by the World Bank to International Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment (IBRD)-eligible countries.Climate-proofing: Actions taken in the design of a project or program to reduce itsvulnerability to climate-related risks, including climate change. Does not implycomplete elimination of risks.Climate Smart Agriculture: Agriculture (including fisheries and forestry) thatsustainably increases productivity, resilience (adaptation), reduces or removesgreenhouse gases (mitigation) while also enhancing the achievement of nationalfood security and development goals. (FAO 1983)vii
GLOSSARYClimate variability: Variations in the mean state and other statistics (such asstandard deviations, statistics of extremes, etc.) of the climate on all temporal andspatial scales beyond that of individual weather events. (IPCC 2007)Current climate variability: The level of climate variability encountered underpresent-day conditions, as opposed to under future conditions.Climate change: A change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly tohuman activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is inaddition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. (asdefined in the UNFCCC, Article 1)Disaster risk management: Processes for designing, implementing, and evaluatingstrategies, policies, and measures to improve the understanding of disaster risk,foster disaster risk reduction and transfer, and promote continuous improvement indisaster preparedness, response, and recovery practices, with the explicit purpose ofincreasing human security, well-being, quality of life, resilience, and sustainabledevelopment. (IPCC 2012)Disaster response: Actions taken in the aftermath of a disaster to ameliorate theimpacts of the disaster, potentially including reconstruction efforts.Disaster risk reduction: Actions taken before a disaster designed to reduce theprobability of a disaster from happening or to reduce the damage from a disastershould one occur.Downscaling: A method that derives local- to regional-scale (10 to 100 kilometer)information from larger-scale models or data analyses. (IPCC 2007)Exposure: The presence of people; livelihoods; environmental services andresources; infrastructure; or economic, social, or cultural assets in places that couldbe adversely affected by climate change effects.(IPCC 2012)Evapotranspiration: The transfer of water into the atmosphere via evaporation andplant transpiration.Global Climate Model or General Circulation Model: A mathematical climatemodel that includes atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice.Hard risk reduction: Risk reduction undertaken through traditional physicalengineering approaches, such as dikes, seawalls, and drains.viii
Page 1 and 2: Adapting to Climate Change:Assessin
Page 4 and 5: ContentsGLOSSARY ..................
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTSBoxesthe role of IFC ......
Page 8: AbbreviationsACCACVCCCCCCCCCTCDMCEI
Page 13 and 14: GLOSSARYSustainable land management
Page 16: AcknowledgmentsThis evaluation was
Page 19 and 20: STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
Page 21 and 22: STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
Page 23 and 24: OVERVIEWClimate adaptation comprise
Page 25 and 26: OVERVIEWfor others. Another approac
Page 27 and 28: OVERVIEWcoffee, may require infrast
Page 29 and 30: OVERVIEWscale pilot projects, asses
Page 32 and 33: Management ResponseIntroductionWorl
Page 34 and 35: MANAGEMENT RESPONSEare. The Bank wi
Page 36: MANAGEMENT RESPONSEweighting or pro
Page 39 and 40: ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 41 and 42: ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 44 and 45: 1. Context and ApproachHighlights C
Page 46 and 47: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHOften
Page 48 and 49: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHbut wo
Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHAntici
Page 52 and 53: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHthe fu
Page 54 and 55: 2. Climate Adaptation at the World
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER 2ADAPTATION AT THE BANK GRO
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CHAPTER 2ADAPTATION AT THE BANK GRO
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3. Dealing with Climate Variability
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.3 Cli
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-1
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYRESEARC
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY1999 (L
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-4
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.34 An
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYto incr
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYdisaste
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYTHE BAN
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.59 Li
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfund di
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfrom se
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.80 Lo
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYonly ha
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4. Anticipatory Adaptation to Clima
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONlev
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONFor
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONBox
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONANA
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONfut
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Integration of Climate Change Consi
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONare
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONcha
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONres
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5. Conclusions and RecommendationsC
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CHAPTER 5CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDA
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP04
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearPro
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP00
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Appendix BAdaptation-Related Indica
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APPENDIX B• Social Development St
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APPENDIX B• Subnational level app
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Appendix CResults IndicatorsTable C
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APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
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APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
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Appendix DDrought Mitigation Projec
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APPENDIX DDROUGHT PROJECTStook the
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APPENDIX EROADSroads to higher stan
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APPENDIX FANALYTIC WORK ON CLIMATE
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Appendix GEvaluation MethodologiesG
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Appendix HAdditional EvidenceH1. Lo
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APPENDIX HADDITIONAL EVIDENCEDrylan
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Appendix IProject ExamplesAppendix
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESplanted a
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESand that
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESunsurpris
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REFERENCESDoell, P., H. Hoffmann‐
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REFERENCESMcGray, H., A. Hammill, R
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REFERENCESUnited Nations Developmen
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ENDNOTESEndnotes1 Lobell, Schlenker
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ENDNOTES22 In Ethiopia, communities
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ENDNOTES39 This review draws upon a
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ENDNOTES61 Resource Guide on Gender
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